The invention discloses a thickness control method of a compressed layer of wood layered compression. The thickness control method comprises the following specific steps that a, wood is soaked with water; b, the wood is put onto a press which is preheated to 70-250 DEG C; c, the press is closed rapidly, the wood is preheated, and the preheating time is determined according to the position where the compressed layer is formed; d, the wood is compressed through the press, and the compressing speed is 0.05-3 mm/s; e, heat preservation is conducted, specifically, heat preservation and standing are conducted for 20 minutes or longer after compression is completed; and f, cooling is conducted, the press is opened, and the compressed wood is obtained. By the adoption of the thickness control method, thickness control of the compressed layer of wood layered compression can be effectively achieved, selective oriented compaction of the wood is achieved, the using performance and using value of the wood are greatly improved, and the thickness control method has high economic benefits and social benefits.