The invention discloses a device and method for gripping and delivering seedlings of a pot seedling transplanter. The device includes a chassis, a seedling transferring mechanism, a seedling grippingand delivering mechanism, a seedling feeding mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism and a controller. The seedling transferring mechanism, the seedling gripping and delivering mechanism and the seedling feeding mechanism are fixedly installed on the chassis. The seedling feeding mechanism accurately delivers the seedlings into a duck mouth or other planting mechanisms installed in the chassis for planting, the seedling transferring mechanism transfers a seedling plate to the lower portion of the seedling gripping and delivering mechanism, the seedling gripping and delivering mechanism grips and deliveries pot seedlings into the seedling feeding mechanism, and the seedling feeding mechanism feeds the transferred seedlings to the left and right planting mechanisms. The whole set of device achievesthe works of delivering, gripping, feeding and spacing the seedlings under the mutual operation and cooperation of a mechanical mechanism, the pneumatic mechanism and the controller. The device and method effectively liberate manpower, reduce the labor intensity of farmers, reduce the cost of agricultural production, benefit the increase in production and income of the farmers, and promote the development of productivity to a certain extent.