The invention provides a water and fertilizer control system based on the Internet of things. The system comprises a power supply, a control unit, a monitoring module, a storage module and a construction module; the power supply is electrically connected with the control unit, the control unit is electrically connected with the monitoring module, the storage module and the construction module, and the monitoring module comprises a humidity monitoring sensor, a temperature sensor and a soil measuring unit; the soil measuring unit comprises a soil moisture sensor, a soil hygronom, a soil temperature sensor and a soil salinity sensor; the storage module comprises a central management database, a data management server and a data management platform, the construction module comprises a water pump, a fertilizer spraying machine, an alarm and a signal lamp, the control unit comprises a controller and a control switch, and the control unit is electrically connected with a remote control end through a wireless receiving and transmitting device. According to the water and fertilizer control system based on the Internet of things, the design is reasonable, convenience is brought to agricultural water and fertilizer control, and the system is more suitable for modern agricultural planting.