The invention relates to a neck and brain arterial pulse wave speed measurement system, which is characterized by comprising a signal collection device, a signal processing device, a display device and a communication interface module, wherein the signal collection device is connected with the signal processing device through the communication interface module, the output end of the signal processing device is connected with the display device, the signal collection device is used for synchronously sampling blood flow signals at the tail sections of a common carotid artery and an internal carotid artery and converting the blood flow signals to corresponding digital signals, the signal processing device is used for processing synchronously obtained brain blood flow signals to obtain time difference among the signals, and the display device is used for displaying parameters of the blood flow signals and parameters of the time difference among the signals. The neck and brain arterial pulse wave speed measurement system achieves noninvasive detection on neck-brain arterial pulse wave speed, is accurate and reliable in results and strong in clinical practicality, reflects stiffness conditions of the cerebral artery more accurately and directly, estimates apoplexy risks, and is beneficial to early discovery and precaution of apoplexy.