180 results about "Photon counting detector" patented technology

A method for photon counting including the steps of collecting light emitted or reflected/scattered from an object; imaging the object onto a spatial light modulator, applying a series of pseudo-random modulation patterns to the SLM according to standard compressive-sensing theory, collecting the modulated light onto a photon-counting detector, recording the number of photons received for each pattern (by photon counting) and optionally the time of arrival of the received photons, and recovering the spatial distribution of the received photons by the algorithms of compressive sensing (CS).

A photon-counting detector includes a direct conversion material constructed to directly convert an energy of at least one incident photon to an electrical signal indicative of the energy level of the at least one individual photon and a data acquisition system (DAS). The DAS includes a first comparator having a first signal level threshold that is less than an electrical signal level that is indicative of a maximum energy of a spectrum of photons, the first comparator configured to output a count when the electrical signal level exceeds the first signal level threshold, and a second comparator having a second signal level threshold that is greater than or equal to the electrical signal level indicative of the maximum energy of the spectrum of photons, the second comparator configured to output a count when the electrical signal exceeds the second signal level threshold. The DAS further includes a device configured to determine a photon count based on the counts from the first and second comparators and to output the photon count for image reconstruction.

Systems and methods consistent with principles of the present invention allow contactless measuring of various kinds of electrical activity within an integrated circuit. The invention can be used for high-bandwidth, at speed testing of various devices on a wafer during the various stages of device processing, or on packaged parts at the end of the manufacturing cycle. Power is applied to the test circuit using conventional mechanical probes or other means, such as CW laser light applied to a photoreceiver provided on the test circuit. The electrical test signal is introduced into the test circuit by stimulating the circuit using a contactless method, such as by directing the output of one or more modelocked lasers onto high-speed receivers on the circuit, or by using a high-speed pulsed diode laser. The electrical activity within the circuit in response to the test signal is sensed by a receiver element, such as a time-resolved photon counting detector, a static emission camera system, or by an active laser probing system. The collected information is used for a variety of purposes, including manufacturing process monitoring, new process qualification, and model verification.

A detector module for a CT imaging system includes a scintillator to convert x-rays to optical photons. The scintillator is optically coupled to a solid-state photomultiplier with internal gain to receive the optical photons and convert them into a corresponding electrical signal output.

A method and system of counting and tagging radiation energy received by a radiation detector is presented. The method and system are designed to dynamically control the sampling window or shaping time characteristics of a photon counting detector to accommodate variations of flux experienced by the detector so as to preserve optimum detector performance and prevent saturation during high flux conditions.

The invention discloses a CT imaging system and a method. The method includes: conducting common CT scanning on an object to obtain a common CT image, then determining an area-of-interest in the image, making use of a photon counting detector to perform CT scanning on the area-of-interest from multiple energy windows, and then re-establishing a high resolution image of the area-of-interest. The photon counting detector is employed to collect the photon counting projection data of multiple energy windows, so that decomposition of multiple basis functions can be carried out, the energy spectrum can have high discrimination, and the numerical stability can be good.

Photon counting detectors are sparsely placed at predetermined positions in the fourth-generation geometry around an object to be scanned in spectral Computer Tomography (CT). An X-ray emitting source rotates radially outside the sparsely placed photon counting detectors. Furthermore, the integrating detectors are placed in the third-generation in combination to the sparsely placed photon counting detectors at predetermined positions in the fourth-generation geometry.

The invention discloses an X-ray multi-energy spectrum computed tomography (CT) projection data processing and image reconstruction method, which mainly comprises an X-ray energy spectrum CT projection sinogram processing method and a compressed sensing-based accelerated iterative convergent reconstruction algorithm. The X-ray energy spectrum CT projection sinogram processing method mainly comprises the following steps of: (1) restraining vertical streaking artifacts in a projection sinogram; (2) removing high-brightness noisy points in the projection sinogram. The compressed sensing-based accelerated iterative convergent reconstruction algorithm refers to that image total variation (TV) minimization-based optimal constraint conditions and the ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction techniques (OS-SART) are combined. As a number of defects still exist in a traditional X-ray energy spectrum CT detection system (X-ray energy resolution photon counting detector), more noise and artifacts exist in acquired projection data. According to the X-ray multi-energy spectrum CT projection data processing and image reconstruction method, X-ray multi-energy spectrum CT projection data are effectively preprocessed by utilizing a preprocessing means, and meanwhile, a TV-based OS-SART algorithm is introduced into X-ray multi-energy spectrum CT image reconstruction, and therefore, image iterative convergence is accelerated, and the noise and the artifacts in a reconstructed image is well restrained.

The invention belongs to the field of optical measurement, relating to a multi-channel single photon counting measuring system based on digital lock phase de-multiplex. The system comprises a light source part, a measuring part, a digital-to-analogue conversion circuit, a digital circuit, a communication circuit and a computer, wherein the digital circuit outputs a digital sine to obtain a simulative sine wave through the digital-to-analogue conversion circuit, a laser modulator modulates the amplitude of a laser and couples a plurality of beams of modulated lasers with different frequencies into one beam to form into a light source of frequency division multiplexing, the light source irradiates an object to be measured, an emitted weak diffused light is captured by a single photon counting measurer, and an electric pulse is outputted through a circuit; and the digital lock phase arithmetic which is tightly combined with the single photon counting is realized by the digital circuit, and a mixed signal from different light resources is extracted in a separating way in a passageway of the measurer according to a preset parameter when receiving the electric pulse to obtain the intensity information of an emergent light which corresponds to each light source. The system shortens the measuring time, reduces the complexity thereof, improves the flexibility of the circuit, and reduces the measuring error.

The invention discloses an X-ray imaging system and method based on grating phase contrast and photon counting. X-rays become coherent X-rays after being shaped through a light source grating; the coherent X-rays containing phase changes after penetrating through samples form beam-split X-rays through a phase grating; the phase changes of the X-rays are converted into light intensity changes after the X-rays pass an analyzing grating; a photon counting detector is used for recording phase contrast information of the X-rays with different intensities; sectional images based on phase contrast are obtained through a three-dimensional reconstruction system; finally, components and interior fine structure information of the soft tissue samples are obtained. The system and method can be used for detecting soft tissue samples in the pathology department, the radiology department and the scientific research department of a hospital, early lesion information such as small lesions in the tissue samples can be found easily, and the detection rate is greatly increased.

A photon-counting detector apparatus is configured to receive X-rays transmitted from an X-ray source. The photon-counting detector apparatus includes a first photon-counting detector having a first detecting material configured to detect photons using a first set of energy bins. The photon-counting detector apparatus also includes a second photon-counting detector arranged above the first photon-counting detector relative to an incidence direction of the X-rays transmitted from the X-ray source. The second photon-counting detector has a second detecting material configured to detect photons using a second set of energy bins. The first set of energy bins differs from the second set of energy bins.

A method includes determining calibration factors for calibrating photon-counting detectors of a spectral imaging system by combining a heuristic calibration of the photon-counting detectors and an analytical calibration of the photon-counting detectors and generating a set of photon-counting calibration factors based on the combining of the a heuristic calibration and the analytical calibration. The photon-counting calibration factors, when applied to measured energy-resolved data from the photon-counting detectors of a spectral CT scan of a subject or object, mitigate spectral distortion caused by a radiation intensity profile shaper that filters a radiation beam of the spectral CT scan.

Based on counts detected by a photon counting detector, a characteristic of X-ray attenuation amounts μt is acquired for each X-ray energy bin. This characteristic is defined by a plurality of mutually different known thicknesses t and linear attenuation coefficients in the X-ray transmission direction. This substance is composed of a material which is included in an object and which is the same in type as the object or which can be regarded as being similar to the object in terms of the effective atomic number. Correcting data for replacing the characteristic of the X-ray attenuation amounts μt by a linear target characteristic are calculated. The linear target characteristic is set to pass through the origin of a two-dimensional coordinate having a lateral axis assigned to thicknesses t and a longitudinal axis assigned to the X-ray attenuation amounts μt. The correcting data are calculated for each X-ray energy bin.

A hybrid CT dataset is obtained from a combination of an integrating detector and a photon-counting detector. The hybrid CT dataset contains sparse spectral energy data and dense energy integration data. The dense panchromatic data sets inherit the resolution properties of the integrating detector while the sparse spectral data sets inherit the spectral information of the photon-counting detector. Subsequently, the sparse spectral energy data sets are pansharpened based upon at least one dense panchromatic data set that lacks spectral information according to a pansharpening algorithm.

The present invention discloses a pixilated direct conversion photon counting detector with a direct conversion material layer and a pixilated electrode. Individual electrode pixels are segmented into three segments (510, 520, 530), wherein one of the segments (520) is operated at a more electrically repellant value than that of the other two (510, 530). Said other two segments are connected to electric circuitry (610, 611, 620, 630) that is arranged to generate signals which are indicative of a count of electrons or holes that approach each of the respective electrode pixel segments and to subtract the generated signals from each other.

The invention relates to an ultraviolet spherical micro-channel plate photo counting and imaging detector. The ultraviolet spherical micro-channel plate photo counting and imaging detector comprises an photoelectric cathode, a micro-channel plate, a position sensitive anode, an input window, a metal output window, a position reading circuit and a computer image output circuit, wherein the photoelectric cathode, the micro-channel plate and the position sensitive anode are arranged in a vacuum shell from top to bottom; the input window is arranged at the front end of the vacuum shell; the metal output window is arranged at the rear end of the vacuum shell and provided with a metal output electrode; the position reading circuit and the computer image output circuit are placed on the outer portion of the vacuum shell. The input window is connected with the vacuum shell and the metal output window in a sealed mode to form a vacuum airtight structure which is integrally formed. A layer of conductive thin capable of allowing ultraviolet rays to transmit is plated on the inner surface of the input window and the photoelectric cathode is manufactured on the conductive film. The input window and the micro-channel plate are in the shape of convex spherical faces with the curvature radius being the same. The ultraviolet spherical micro-channel plate photo counting and imaging detector can reduce the spherical aberration of a large-view-field imaging system and improve the imaging quality of the system, and can be used as a single-photo counting detector. The ultraviolet spherical micro-channel plate photo counting and imaging detector has single-photo sensitivity and meanwhile, an ultraviolet cathode has very low noise.

An apparatus and method of processing X-ray projection data obtained using photon-counting detectors and having multiple spectral components. The processing of the projection data includes correcting for nonlinear detector response, where the detector response model includes: pileup, ballistic deficit effects, polar effects, and characteristic X-ray escape. The processing of the projection data also includes a material decomposition mapping the projection data from spectral components into material components corresponding to high-Z and low-Z materials. The material decomposition includes a noise balancing process where the allocation of spectral components between a high-energy and a low-energy combination of spectral components is adjusted such that both high- and low-energy components have signal-to-noise ratios of similar magnitude. For computed tomography (CT) applications, material decomposition can be followed by image reconstruction and then image post-processing and presentation. For non-CT applications, material decomposition can be followed by image post-processing and presentation.