152 results about "Photosensitive Cell" patented technology

An image sensor including photosensitive cells including photodiodes and at least one additional circuit with a significant heat dissipation including transistors. The image sensor is made in monolithic form and includes a layer of a semiconductor material having first and second opposite surfaces and including, on the first surface side, first regions corresponding to the power terminals of the transistors, the lighting of the image sensor being intended to be performed on the second surface side; a stack of insulating layers covering the first surface; a thermally conductive reinforcement covering the stack on the side opposite to the layer; and thermally conductive vias connecting the layer to the reinforcement.

A dual camera system includes a first bayer sensor block for outputting an external bayer image data constituted with photosensitive values of respective photosensitive cells which are sensitive to an incident light and a data processing unit, including a second bayer sensor block for outputting an internal bayer image data, for converting the external and the internal bayer image data into an image frame data with a predetermined format.

Nucleic acid vectors encoding light-gated cation-selective membrane channels, in particular channelrhodopsin-2 (Chop2), converted inner retinal neurons to photosensitive cells in photoreceptor-degenerated retina in an animal model. Such treatment restored visual perception and various aspects of vision. A method of restoring light sensitivity to a retina of a subject suffering from vision loss due to photoreceptor degeneration, as in retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration, is provided. The method comprises delivering to the subject by intravitreal or subretinal injection, the above nucleic acid vector which comprises an open reading frame encoding a rhodopsin, to which is operatively linked a promoter and transcriptional regulatory sequences, so that the nucleic acid is expressed in inner retinal neurons. These cells, normally light-insensitive, are converted to a light-sensitive state and transmit visual information to the brain, compensating for the loss, and leading to restoration of various visual capabilities.

A solid-state image sensor capable of enhancing efficient use of incident light and increasing the resolution of an image and a signal processing method therefore are disclosed. A digital camera includes an image pickup section having a photosensitive array in which photosensitive cells or photodiodes are arranged. Signal charges, or pixel data, are read out of the photodiodes, two lines at a time, three lines at a time, or three lines at a time with line-by-line shift in accordance with a color filter using complementary colors. A signal processing section includes a data correcting circuit for correcting the pixel data. Pixel data of one of three primary colors R, G and B is interpolated in the position of each virtual photosensitive cell or that of each real photosensitive cell. The above color filer uses more efficiently incident light than a filter using the primary colors and improves the sensitivity of the photosensitive cells in a dense pixel arrangement, thereby contributing to the enhancement of image quality. Further, the generated pixel data are used to interpolate pixel data in the real photosensitive cells or the virtual photosensitive cells. This is successful to broaden the frequency band of the pixel data of the real photosensitive cells or those of the virtual photosensitive cells and therefore to improve image quality while obviating false colors.

A solid-state image sensor according to the present invention includes: a semiconductor layer 7, which has a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to the first surface; a photosensitive cell array, which has been formed in the semiconductor layer 7 to receive light through both of the first and second surfaces; and at least one dispersive element array, which is arranged on the same side as at least one of the first and second surfaces so as to face the photosensitive cell array. The photosensitive cell array includes first and second photosensitive cells 2a and 2b. And the dispersive element array makes light rays falling within mutually different wavelength ranges incident on the first and second photosensitive cells 2a and 2b, respectively.

Light-splitting elements are arranged in at least two columns and two rows to form two pairs 1a, 1b and 1c, 1d. Each element splits incident light into light rays and makes them fall on a portion of a photosensing section right under itself and an adjacent photosensitive cell. The element 1a splits the incident light so that a primary color ray C1 and its complementary color ray C1′ enter an adjacent cell 2b and an underlying cell 2a, respectively. The element 1b makes a primary color ray C2 and its complementary color ray C2′ enter an underlying cell 2a and an adjacent cell 2a, respectively. The element 1c does the same as the element 1b. And the element 1d makes a primary color ray C3 and its complementary color ray C3′ enter an adjacent cell 2c and an underlying cell 2d, respectively. These photosensitive cells 2 perform photoelectric conversion, thereby outputting an electrical signal representing the intensity of the incident light. By carrying out simple calculations between the outputs of these cells, a color signal and a luminance signal are generated.

The solid-state image sensor of the present invention includes an array of photosensitive cells, an array 100 of dispersing elements, and an array 300 of color filters. The photosensitive cell array 200 has a number of unit blocks 40, each of which includes photosensitive cells 2a and 2b. The dispersing element array 100 includes a dispersing element 1a, which makes all of incoming light (W) but a light ray falling within a first wavelength range incident on the first photosensitive cell 2a and which also makes at least a part of the light ray falling within the first wavelength range incident on the second photosensitive cell 2b. A color filter 3a that either absorbs or reflects the light ray falling within the first wavelength range is arranged between the photosensitive cell 2a and the dispersing element 1a.

A dual camera system includes a first bayer sensor block for outputting an external bayer image data constituted with photosensitive values of respective photosensitive cells which are sensitive to an incident light and a data processing unit, including a second bayer sensor block for outputting an internal bayer image data, for converting the external and the internal bayer image data into an image frame data with a predetermined format.

A photosensitive cell includes an anode and a cathode; a donor-type organic material and an acceptor-type organic material forming a donor-acceptor junction connected between the anode and the cathode; and an exciton blocking layer connected between the acceptor-type organic material of the donor-acceptor junction and the cathode, the blocking layer consisting essentially of a material that has a hole mobility of at least 10−7 cm2NV-sec or higher, where a HOMO of the blocking layer is higher than or equal to a HOMO of the acceptor-type material.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes a color filter including complementary color filter segments. When a shutter release bottom is pressed to its half-stroke or full-stroke position, light incident via the filter is picked up in a movie / photometry or a still picture mode, respectively. While signal charges are read out of an image sensor in accordance with the mode, the signal charges are digitized to become pixel data. In the movie / the photometry mode, despite that a plurality of pixel data are mixed together, a set of primary color pixel data are generated as if pixel signals were thinned out by mixture. In the still picture mode, all the pixels are sequentially read out and interpolated to generate primary color pixel data greater in number than photosensitive cells. The primary color data are raised in frequency to enhance the resolution of a picture.

A mirror 1a transmits a cyan (Cy) ray and reflects an R ray, and a mirror 1d transmits a yellow (Ye) ray and reflects a B ray. The mirrors 1a and 1d are arranged inside a light-transmitting member 3 and are also tilted so that the light reflected from each of them is further reflected from the interface between the light-transmitting member 3 and the air and then incident on an adjacent photosensitive cell. Photosensitive cells 2a and 2d receive the light rays that have been transmitted through the mirrors 1a and 1d, respectively. No mirrors are arranged over photosensitive cells 2b and 2c. The photosensitive cell 2b receives directly incident light and the light ray reflected from the mirror 1a. The photosensitive cell 2c receives the directly incident light and the light ray reflected from the mirror 1d. Color information is obtained by making computations on the output signals of the respective photosensitive cells.

Light-splitting elements are arranged in at least two columns and two rows to form two pairs 1a, 1b and 1c, 1d. Each element splits incident light into light rays and makes them fall on a portion of a photosensing section right under itself and an adjacent photosensitive cell. The element 1a splits the incident light so that a primary color ray C1 and its complementary color ray C1′ enter an adjacent cell 2b and an underlying cell 2a, respectively. The element 1b makes a primary color ray C2 and its complementary color ray C2′ enter an underlying cell 2a and an adjacent cell 2a, respectively. The element 1c does the same as the element 1b. And the element 1d makes a primary color ray C3 and its complementary color ray C3′ enter an adjacent cell 2c and an underlying cell 2d, respectively. These photosensitive cells 2 perform photoelectric conversion, thereby outputting an electrical signal representing the intensity of the incident light. By carrying out simple calculations between the outputs of these cells, a color signal and a luminance signal are generated.

Nucleic acid vectors encoding light-gated cation-selective membrane channels, in particular channelrhodopsin-2 (Chop2), converted inner retinal neurons to photosensitive cells in photoreceptor-degenerated retina in an animal model. Such treatment restored visual perception and various aspects of vision. A method of restoring light sensitivity to a retina of a subject suffering from vision loss due to photoreceptor degeneration, as in retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration, is provided. The method comprises delivering to the subject by intravitreal or subretinal injection, the above nucleic acid vector which comprises an open reading frame encoding a rhodopsin, to which is operatively linked a promoter and transcriptional regulatory sequences, so that the nucleic acid is expressed in inner retinal neurons. These cells, normally light-insensitive, are converted to a light-sensitive state and transmit visual information to the brain, compensating for the loss, and leading to restoration of various visual capabilities.

The solid state image sensor of this invention includes multiple units, each of which includes first and second photosensitive cells 2a, 2b and a dispersive element 1a facing the first cell 2a. The element 1a passes a part of incoming light with a first color component to the second cell 2b. The first cell 2a receives a smaller quantity of light with the first color component than that of the light with the first color component incident on the dispersive element. The second cell 2b receives a greater quantity of light with the first color component than that of the light with the first color component incident on the dispersive element. The quantity of that part of the incoming light with the first color component is calculated based on the difference between photoelectrically converted signals supplied from the first and second cells 2a and 2b and information representing the ratio of the quantity of the light with the first color component received by the second cell to that of the part of the incoming light with the first color component.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes a mode setting circuit for allowing the operator to select desired one of the modes matching with the display format of a display which displays a video signal fed thereto. A clock generating circuit generates clocks including a first clock and a second clock higher in frequency than the first clock. A frequency selector selects either one of the first and second clocks in accordance with a mode fed from the mode setting circuit. An image pickup section includes a plurality of photosensitive cells for transforming, by photoelectric transduction, light incident thereto from a scene to be picked up. The image pickup section picks up the scene and produces signal charges representative of the scene in accordance with the output of the frequency selector. A noise reducing circuit reduces noise components included in a signal output from the image pickup section. A digitizing circuit converts the output of the noise reducing circuit to a digital signal in accordance with the first clock. A signal processing circuit processes the output of the digitizing circuit in a manner matching with picture display and / or recording. A controller controls the clock generating circuit, frequency selector, image pickup section, noise reducing circuit, digitizing circuit, and signal processing circuit. The modes include a first mode in which the frequency selector outputs the first clock and a second mode in which it outputs the second clock.

The invention discloses a tissue-engineered bone. The tissue-engineered bone is multilayer cell sheet lamination compound with a three-dimensional capillary network, the multilayer cell sheet lamination compound consists of n laminated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets and vascular endothelial cells among all bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet layers, and n is in a range of 3-8. A preparation method of the tissue-engineered bone comprises steps as follows: firstly, a photosensitive semiconductor structural layer is prepared on the surface of a cell culture dish, so that a photosensitive cell culture dish is obtained; then bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are cultured with the photosensitive cell culture dish, and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets are obtained; finally, the multilayer cell sheet lamination compound consisting of multiple layers of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets and the vascular endothelial cells is constructed and cultured to obtain the tissue-engineered bone. The tissue-engineered bone purely consists of homologous cells, so that pollution caused by immunological rejection and stent degradation is reduced, and the tissue-engineered bone is significant in bone defect repair and early vascularization; the method is simple, easy to implement and convenient to popularize.

The 3D image capture device of this invention includes: a light-transmitting section 2 with light-transmitting areas C1, C2 and C3 that have mutually different transmission wavelength ranges; a solid-state image sensor 1 arranged to receive the light that has been transmitted through the light-transmitting section 2; and an optical system 3 configured to produce an image on an imaging area of the solid-state image sensor 1, which includes a photosensitive cell array and a color filter array on the imaging area. The transmission wavelength ranges of the light-transmitting areas and the color filters are defined such that the light that has been transmitted through at least one of the light-transmitting areas C1, C2 and C3 is transmissible through at least two of the color filters. A signal processing section generates data of at least two images with parallax by generating signals representing at least two of the respective intensities of light rays that are incident on the light-transmitting areas based on the output signals of the photosensitive cells.

This solid-state image sensor includes an array of photosensitive cells and an array of dispersive elements. The photosensitive cell array is comprised of a plurality of unit blocks 40, each including four photosensitive cells 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. An optical filter 11a is arranged to cover those photosensitive cells 2a through 2d. A portion of the optical filter 11a that covers the photosensitive cells 2a and 2b is located closer to the imaging area than another portion thereof that covers the photosensitive cells 2c and 2d.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes photo-sensors arranged in the directions of row and column and each corresponding to a particular pixel included in an imaging frame. Each photo-sensor is made up of a higher- and a lower-sensitivity photosensitive cell for photoelectrically transducing incident light to electric signal charges. A corrector executes shading correction on an image signal derived from the higher-sensitivity photosensitive cell in accordance with the shading characteristic of the higher sensitivity photosensitive cell, and on an image signal derived from the lower-sensitivity photosensitive cell in accordance with the shading characteristic of the lower-sensitivity photosensitive cell.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes a timing signal generator for generating timing signals. Particular gates formed in each of photosensitive cells arranged in an image pickup section are driven independently or simultaneously in response to the timing signals. In an independent drive mode, outputs each having particular sensitivity are obtained from the different photosensitive regions of the individual cell by one time of exposure, covering a range of sensitivity as broad as one achievable with repeated photometry. This reduces the number of times of photometry for determining adequate exposure. In a simultaneous drive mode, outputs are produced in the usual manner. An exposure value calculator converts the resulting image signals to values having a predetermined format while an exposure parameter determining section determines exposure parameters if those values are adequate.

An electronic imaging device having a plurality of photosensitive cells arranged in an array to form a frame region, the frame region being composed of a plurality of frame sub-regions each frame sub-region corresponding to a sub-set of photosensitive cells, the device comprising an array controller configured to expose each of said frame sub-regions during an exposure duration wherein the exposure of at least some of said frame sub-regions occurs at different times during a total time of exposure of the frame region, a flash unit for illuminating a scene to be imaged during a flash time duration an activator for activating the flash unit to illuminate the scene to be imaged at a flash time delay determined in dependence upon said exposure duration of a frame sub region and the flash time duration; an image data acquisition unit for acquiring a set of frames of the scene wherein the time of occurrence of a flash event within a frame shifts temporally from frame to frame; and an image reconstruction unit for constructing a sequence of images from the frame sub-regions of the acquired frames.

A device and a method for controlling a photosensitive cell including a photodiode adapted to discharging into a read node via a MOS transfer transistor, the device being adapted to providing a signal for controlling the gate of the MOS transfer transistor to a first level for which the MOS transfer transistor is off or to a second level for which the MOS transfer transistor is on, including means for providing a transition control signal between the second level and the first level of determined average slope.

A device for controlling an image sensor including at least one photosensitive cell including a photodiode capable of discharging into a sense node via a first MOS transistor, the sense node being connected to the gate of a second MOS transistor having its source connected to a processing system. The device includes a bias circuit capable of increasing the voltage of the source during the discharge of the photodiode into the sense node.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes a solid-state image sensor having photosensitive cells and vertical transfer paths. The cells are bidimensionally arranged for converting light incident from a subject via optics to electric charges corresponding to the light to store signal charges. The vertical transfer paths each adjoins the photosensitive cells arranged on a particular column for vertically transferring the signal charges. Before the signal charges are transferred from the cells to the vertical transfer paths, a sweep controller causes unnecessary charges on the vertical transfer paths to be swept out. The sweep controller controls a sweep transfer period necessary for the sweep transfer in dependence upon the amount of the unnecessary charges.

A color representation technique to be effectively applicable to a pixel shifted arrangement to realize high sensitivity and high resolution is provided by using a dipersive prism or diffraction.A dispersive element is provided for an image sensor in which photosensitive cells are arranged to be shifted from each other by a half pitch both horizontally and vertically. The dispersive element makes at least G rays fall straight down to a pixel right under itself and also makes either R rays or B rays incident on an adjacent pixel. Meanwhile, a photosensitive cell, for which no dispersive element is provided, receives directly incident light, too. Color information can be obtained by making computations on photoelectrically converted signals provided by these pixels.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an image capture device includes an image sensor 10 that includes: a photosensitive cell array 12 in which a plurality of photosensitive cells are arranged on an image capturing plane; a polarizer array 14 in which a plurality of unit structures, each including N polarizers (where N is an integer that is equal to or greater than two) that have mutually different polarization transmission axis directions, are arranged two-dimensionally and which is arranged so that light that has been transmitted through each polarizer is incident on its associated photosensitive cell; a circuit for reading a pixel signal from the photosensitive cell array 12; and a shifter 16 for shifting the polarizer array 14 with respect to the photosensitive cell array 12 parallel to the image capturing plane.

A depth estimating image capture device as an embodiment of this invention includes: an image sensor 2 with photosensitive cells 10 arranged on its image capturing plane; an optical lens arranged to condense light on the plane; a light-transmitting member 1 arranged on the plane; and a signal processing section that processes signals supplied from the cells 10. The member 1 includes a first mirror 1a inside to reflect the light at least partially and a second mirror 1b with the same reflection property as the first mirror 1a on its upper surface. The first mirror 1a has a reflective surface tilted with respect to the upper surface of the member 1. The second mirror 1b has a reflective surface that is parallel to the upper surface. The first and second mirrors 1a and 1b are arranged so that a light beam coming from a point on a subject through the lens is reflected from the first mirror 1a and from the second mirror 1b and irradiates some area on the image capturing plane to make the irradiated area change according to the depth of the point on the subject.

The invention relates to a pixel compensation method and device, a storage medium and a display screen, and belongs to the technical field of display. The method includes the steps: sensing a plurality of sub-pixels by using a plurality of photosensitive cells at a first target gray scale of the display screen to obtain an actual brightness value of each sub-pixel; determining a reference luminance value of each sub-pixel at the first target gray scale according to a pre-generated compensation sensing model, wherein the compensation sensing model is used to record the correspondence relation between the target gray scale and theoretical pixel data, and the theoretical pixel data includes the reference luminance value of each sub-pixel; determining the theoretical luminance value of each sub-pixel according to the reference luminance value of each sub-pixel; and performing pixel compensation for each sub-pixel according to the actual luminance value of each sub-pixel and the theoreticalluminance value of each sub-pixel. The method realizes the compensation for the pixel aging of the display screen, and improves the uniformity of an image displayed on the display screen. The methodis used to compensate for the display screen.