The invention discloses a three-dimensional simulation calculation method for a multi-ring shield lining structure, and the method comprises the following steps: (S1) constructing a physical geometricmodel through computer modeling software, and the physical geometric model comprises a perforated shield segment, a non-perforated shield segment, in-ring and inter-ring connecting bolts, a joint structure, and an external structure; (S2) establishing a finite element model for the physical geometric model, and determining respective unit types and parameters; (S3) inputting load for the shield segment, the shell unit of the external structure and the beam unit of the joint structure; (S4) setting boundary conditions for the shell unit of the shield segment and the beam unit of the joint structure; and (S5) importing all units, parameters, loads and boundary conditions in the step (S1S4), and carrying out three-dimensional simulation calculation. The method has the advantages that the shield lining, the external connection structure, the perforated connection structure and the connection bolts in the rings and between the rings are respectively constructed by adopting proper units toestablish finite element simulation models for calculation, so that the stress condition of the perforated structure is effectively verified.