The invention discloses a radio frequency energy collection system and a control method, wherein the radio frequency energy collection system comprises a radio frequency antenna, a control circuit, amatching booster network, an RF-DC rectifier, self-starting circuit, hysteresis voltage comparator, VDD-terminal energy storage unit, VL-terminal energy storage unit, switch SL, voltage detection circuit, VST-terminal backup energy storage unit, first energy conversion circuit, second energy conversion circuit, LDO voltage stabilization circuit, reference current source and reference voltage generation circuit. The invention improves the structure of the existing circuit, optimizes the performance and innovates the structure of each circuit module, improves the sensitivity of the whole collection system, and can manage the stored energy at the same time. In addition, the invention has the characteristics of low power consumption, complete automation, low voltage ripple and the like.