The invention relates to an echo frequency discrimination method for a passive radio frequency identification temperature measurement system. The method comprises the following steps of 1, dividing different frequency points for a frequency band of starting frequency, setting different frequency point numbers for the different frequency points, setting the starting frequency, and performing step-scan within a frequency range; 2, acquiring a group of power sampling signals and a group of frequency sampling signals; 3, performing time-domain judgment-based time-domain energy validation for five times for characteristics of a unique medium of a radio frequency identification tag; 4, converting a time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal, and performing frequency-domain validation twice; and 5, obtaining a final result by combining the time-domain validation and the frequency-domain validation. According to the method, acquired echo frequency is subjected to strict multi-stage time-domain and frequency-domain judgment, a combined multi-stage frequency addition mode is adopted, and correct echo frequency is obtained by hybrid time-domain and frequency-domain discrimination and multi-stage condition judgment, so that air interference factors existing all the time in a radio frequency identification technology are better avoided, accurate and high-quality echo frequency can be effectively acquired, and the reading distance of a passive tag is greatly prolonged.