The invention relates to a bionic polarization/inertial/atmospheric data integrated navigation system. The system consists of a navigation sensor, a solving module, an interface circuit, a microprocessor, a storage module and a power supply module. The sensor is composed of a biomimetic polarization sensor, an inertial measurement unit and an atmospheric data system. Specifically, the bionic polarization sensor includes an optical camera, a motor, a polarizing device and other components, and the atmospheric data system is composed of a pitot-static sensor, a pitot-static pipeline and a totaltemperature circuit. The work flow includes that: the sensor module collects the polarized light information, atmospheric static pressure, full pressure and other data in the atmospheric environment,and transmits the data to the solving module, and the processor determines whether the sensor works reliably, selects a working mode, and works out the course angle, true airspeed, height and other information for compensation correction of the attitude and speed of the navigation system, and stores and outputs navigation parameters. The integrated navigation system provided by the invention has the advantages of flexible navigation mode, strong autonomy, small volume and the like, and has interference suppression, fault detection and system reconstruction functions.