The invention discloses an estimation method of an atmosphere angle of attack and an angle of sideslip in a high-angle-of-attack flight status. Under the premise that the structure of an aircraft is not changed and additional measuring devices and hardware devices are not added, the parameters output by the existing onboard strapdown inertial navigation system, a GPS (Global Position System) system, a flight control system and a fuel measuring system are fully used for resolving the angular acceleration, the rotational inertia, the product of inertia, the coefficient of a moment equation set and the total mass of the aircraft; based on a flight dynamics model, by establishing an extended Kalman filter, and integrating the processes of resolving the flight dynamics model and the status estimation together, accurate estimation of the current angle of attack, the angle of sideslip and the true airspeed is realized, and then the current air speed and the change rate of the air speed are resolved and input into the extended Kalman filter as the feedback information so as to finish the real-time accurate estimation of the angle of attack and the angle of sideslip of next time; the real-time accurate estimation of the angle of attack and the angle of sideslip is realized by a recursive resolving mode, measurement range and measurement precision of an atmosphere data system are improved, and adaptability to complex flight environment is also improved.