The invention provides a guide roller, a steel belt guide mechanism and a material receiving system. The guide roller comprises a screw, an adjustable sleeve and a positioning sleeve, wherein a firstbearing support and a second bearing support are arranged at two ends of the screw respectively, an external thread section is arranged on the screw and is close to the first bearing support, the adjustable sleeve is in threaded connection with the external thread section, one end of the positioning sleeve is installed on the screw through a third bearing, and the other end of the positioning sleeve is connected with the corresponding end of the adjustable sleeve in a sleeved mode; a guide cavity is formed between the positioning sleeve and the adjustable sleeve; and a first check ring is arranged on the vertical side wall, forming the guide cavity, of the adjustable sleeve, and a second check ring is arranged on the vertical side wall, forming the guide cavity, of the positioning sleeve.Compared with the prior art, the guide roller solves the problem that edge cutting and material receiving are not orderly, guarantees that material receiving is smooth, guarantees that narrow-belt material receiving is safe and reliable, avoids the phenomenon of material collapse, and meanwhile greatly prolongs the service life of the guide mechanism.