The invention discloses a primary processing method of low-caffeine yellow tea. The primary processing method comprises working procedures of gathering young leaves, performing spreading, performing fixation, performing heaping for yellowing, performing primary baking, performing strip tidying for the first time, performing treatment with a pressing rod, and performing strip tidying once again until the tea leaves are sufficiently dry. Through a simple technology, sorting of the growth state of young leaf raw materials is realized, besides, the effect of reducing the content of caffeine in yellow tea is controlled to be good, the processing cost is low, and the primary processing method can be suitable for large-scale industrial production. The low-caffeine yellow tea processed by the primary processing method disclosed by the invention is unique in organoleptic quality characteristics, flat, light, direct, yellow and uniform in shape, tender, yellow and bright in soup color, sweet, fragrant, clean and fresh in fragrance, fresh and mellow in taste, good in sweet aftertaste, and yellow and bright in leaf bottoms. The average content of the caffeine in finished products of yellow teadry leaves can be controlled to be 2.0-2.5%, the content of the caffeine in the yellow tea can be obviously reduced, a certain amount of caffeine can be reserved in the tea soup, the caffeine and other flavor development substances of tea leaves form fresh and mellow fresh taste good in sweet aftertaste, and new products having a unique style are formed.