87results about How to "Improve energy dissipation rate" patented technology

The invention relates to a stepped energy dissipater, which comprises steps arranged on a bottom slope and an aerating device positioned on the upstream of the steps. The aerating device is provided with four structural forms. In the first structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a vent hole and a vent shaft, in the second structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, an aeration slot, a vent hole and a vent shaft, in the third structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a step-down floor, a vent hole and a vent shaft, and in the fourth structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a step-down floor, an aeration slot, a vent hole and a vent shaft. The energy dissipater can not only enhance the stepped energy dissipation rate, but also reduce or avoid the possibility of the cavitation corrosion and the damage to the steps, and thereby effectively solve the problems of the contradiction between the increase of the energy dissipation rate and the improvement of the cavitation corrosion and the damage resistance when an overflow spillway or an overflow dam surface is operated with large discharge per unit width.

The invention discloses a full-section stepped energy dissipater, which consists of stepped energy dissipaters arranged on a bottom slab of a spillway or a floor discharge tunnel and stepped energy dissipater arranged on two side walls of the spillway or the floor discharge tunnel, namely the bottom slab and the two side walls of the spillway or the floor discharge tunnel are provided with the stepped energy dissipaters. The full-section stepped energy dissipater has the following energy dissipation mechanism that: when waterflow passes through steps on the bottom slab, the falling, the whirling and the shearing action of the waterflow appear, and the air above the water surface is involved into a water body; steps on the side walls sharpen the turbulent motion of the waterflow, which improves energy dissipation effect and ensures that the waterflow constantly contracts and expands along the way to form cavities at both sides so that the airflow enters the surfaces of the steps of the bottom from the cavities to cause the waterflow of the whole section to be fully aerated, thereby avoiding adverse effects such as cavitation erosion and so on.

The present invention provides a friction plate with features to provide additional cooling for use within a wet clutch system. The friction plate has a core plate with a friction facing layer affixed to each face of the core plate. The first friction facing layer has a plurality of radially oriented lubrication grooves formed by a plurality of friction pads having porosity. Additionally, the second friction facing layer has a plurality of friction pads formed by radially oriented lubrication grooves whose centerline is coincident with the radial centerline of the friction pads of the first friction facing layer. Each of the lubrication grooves has at least one hole provided therein to introduce fluid to effect cooling of the friction pad opposite the groove. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of enhancing the performance of a wet clutch system.

The invention discloses a deformed inverse step rectifying energy dissipation method and a stilling basin. A continuous inverse step tail on a bottom plate is adopted instead of the conventional tail body type, and water current is collided with inverse steps hierarchically, so that energy is dissipated hierarchically, water current collision, doping and a fluctuation flow state before drainage are enhanced, and collision energy dissipation is realized; a vertical drop is arranged at a front-end inlet; side walls on both sides are asymmetrically diffused towards a river heart side curved surface, and the edges of each step are arranged in a continuous L or saw-tooth form, thereby forming transverse and longitudinal three-dimensional deformed inverse step structures being lower at the inlets, higher at the outlets, lower on the river heart sides and higher on the near-bank sides, so that a hydraulic jump energy dissipation flow state is formed forcibly in the basin. Meanwhile, water current is fully diffused transversely and is guided towards the river heart side, so that the basis length can be shortened effectively, the energy dissipation rate is increased, the effects of dissipating energy and adjusting the flow speed distribution are achieve, water current discharged out of the basin returns into a groove smoothly, and downstream erosion is relieved. The deformed inverse step rectifying energy dissipation method and the stilling basin are suitable for a water flow state with low water head, large unit width flux (particularly greater than m<2> / s) and low Fr number (particularly Fr number is smaller than 2).

The invention discloses an energy dissipation type debris flow check dam combined draining and guiding and blocking. The check dam comprises a dam body foundation and a dam body main body arranged above the dam body foundation, wherein the dam body main body comprises a plurality of buttresses distributed at intervals, a horizontal grille is arranged between each two buttresses, the buttresses extend towards upstream compared with the horizontal grilles, and the height H of the horizontal grilles above ground is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 m. The horizontal grilles are hollow, and drain holes are formed in the horizontal grilles and provided with transverse beams and longitudinal beams for supporting. Compared with the prior art, the buttresses are used for supporting the dam body and blocking coarse grain; drain holes are used for draining and guiding water of debris flow passing through the check dam, destroying constitutive property of the debris flow, and avoiding clogging of constitutive property; the horizontal grilles are used for conducting energy dissipation type debris draining and guiding, improving discharge capacity of the dam body, enabling the whole check dam not prone to clogging, improving capacity of resisting secondary debris flow after debris flow discharging once, and meanwhile safety of downstream can be endangered.

The invention relates to a flood discharging method for anticorrosion and energy dissipation of a rotational flow ring dam and a device thereof. The device comprises a vertical well; the bottom of thevertical well is communicated with a horizontal energy dissipation hole; the energy dissipation hole is communicated with a flow guide hole; the inlet of the vertical well is provided with the ring dam; the inner ring of the ring dam is connected with a smooth contracted curved surface formed in the vertical well; the ring dam is externally provided with a plurality of flow guide piers; the central lines of the flow guide piers and the tangent lines of the flow guide piers form inclined angles Theta which is larger than and equal to 0 degree and is less than 45 degree; a connection part between the vertical well and the energy dissipation hole, which is relative to the energy dissipation hole, is provided with a space; the energy dissipation hole is provided with a water collecting pier and a contracting pier; and a plunge pool is arranged between the water collecting pier and the contracting pier. Because the flow guide piers are tangent with the edge of the ring dam or the flow guide piers are connected with the edge of the ring dam by forming a small angle, the water flow is rotary, and spiral flow moves in the vertical well. The invention has simple structure, convenient construction, less investment, no maintenance, good anticorrosion and energy dissipation effect, no pulverization phenomenon at the outlet of the flood discharging hole, and protects ecology environment.

The invention discloses a bent slope underflow energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The bent slope underflow energy dissipation structure of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering comprises a shoreside overflow weir, a discharging groove and a power dissipation pool which is a bent slope power dissipation pool. The power dissipation pool comprises a power dissipation pool bent slope segment connected with the discharging groove and a power dissipation pool flat bottom segment which is a manual deep pool with a flat bottom. The head of hydraulic jump in the power dissipation pool is formed on the power dissipation pool bent slope segment. Stable and complete hydraulic pump is formed in the bent slope power dissipation pool. Multiple power dissipation mounds which can assist in dissipating energy are arranged in the power dissipation pool. With the power dissipation structure, the problems of dissipating energy of water flow with large flow, a low Froude number and tail water with a large water level amplitude of variation are economically and effectively solved. The energy dissipating rate is effectively improved. The power dissipation pool bent slope segment is used and the power dissipation mounds are arranged on the power dissipation pool flat bottom segment to assist in dissipating energy, the length and the depth of the power dissipation pool flat bottom are effectively reduced, the energy dissipating rate is improved, engineering amount and investment are reduced, a digging height and a digging range of a slope in an engineering zone are reduced so as to reduce damage and affection on the ecological environment in the engineering zone by construction, and good social and economic benefits are achieved.

The present invention provides a friction plate with features to provide additional cooling for use within a wet clutch system. The friction plate has a core plate with a friction facing layer affixed to each face of the core plate. The first friction facing layer has a plurality of radially oriented lubrication grooves formed by a plurality of friction pads having porosity. Additionally, the second friction facing layer has a plurality of friction pads formed by radially oriented lubrication grooves whose centerline is coincident with the radial centerline of the friction pads of the first friction facing layer. Each of the lubrication grooves has at least one hole provided therein to introduce fluid to effect cooling of the friction pad opposite the groove. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of enhancing the performance of a wet clutch system.

The invention relates to a step swirling flow vertical shaft. The vertical shaft comprises a vortex chamber section and a vertical shaft section connected with the vortex chamber section, wherein the vortex chamber section is provided with a water inlet used for introducing the water stream of an approach channel in a vortex chamber tangentially; the vertical shaft section is a cylinder, the bottom end of the vertical shaft section is provided with a baffle well, the lower part of the vertical shaft is communicated with a flood discharge tunnel through a flip bucket and a pressing slope section; the wall of the vertical shaft is provided with a step energy dissipater; the first step of the step energy dissipater is provided with an air vent, the air vent is communicated with the top of the vortex chamber section through a vent pipe; and the bumps of the step sections of the step energy dissipater are arranged on the line connecting the starting point of the first step with the centre of the bottom of the vertical shaft to form a obconical flow passage, thus increasing the revolution of water stream, reducing the flow rate of water stream, increasing the pressure on the wall of the shaft and avoiding damages caused by cavitation.

This is a novel outstretch curve bucket lip for drain hole. A reverse arc curve of bigger diameter is connected to the slop of a pressure drain hole with the slop tangent to the curve. Another reverse arc curve of smaller diameter is then tangent to the previous curve. Drained water is heaved up after the curves of an angle 66.25 deg.. The traditional bucket lip is of a rectangle outlet, while the novel one is of an outstretching angle o f6-8 deg. at 5-8 meters from the outlet. With the novel design, water diffusion is enhanced as well as avoiding cavitation erosion and decreasing drained water speed.

The invention discloses a debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions and an application of the debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions. The drainage canal comprises a fully-lining drainage canal bottom plate and drainage canal side walls on two sides of the drainage canal bottom plate; the drainage canal bottom plate is in the shape of continuously-connected multiple-stage steps, the steps are provided with grooves; the width of the grooves on the top surfaces of the steps increases gradually along the flow direction of the debris flow, and the width of the grooves on the vertical surfaces of the steps decreases gradually; and the maximum width of the grooves on the top surfaces of the steps coincide with the maximum width B on the vertical surfaces of the steps. Compared wit the prior art, the step shape design is adopted to dissipate the energy of the debris flow all the way and the groove design is adopted to drain the debris flow, so the debris-flow drainage canal disclosed by the invention has high efficiency and good drainage capacity. By adjusting the height and the length of the steps and the size and the shape of grooves, the debris-flow drainagedrainage canal can be used for preventing the debris flow with any gradient and any nature.

The invention relates to an energy dissipation method of sidewall aeration steps and an outlet submerged flip bucket of an inclined shaft type flood discharge tunnel. The energy dissipation method adopts the structure that a water inlet is connected with an inclined shaft, the inclined shaft is connected with an effluent cave, a main aeration step with a vent pipe is arranged on the bottom plate of the starting position of the anti-arc segment, connected with the effluent cave, of the inclined shaft, and a pair of side aeration steps respectively provided with a vent pipe are oppositely arranged on two sidewalls at the upstream of the main aeration step; and the outlet of the effluent cave is located below the flood elevation of a watercourse, and the bottom plate at the outlet of the effluent cave is provided with a submerged flip bucket which is provided with a vent pipe and gradually uplifts along the river flow direction and the flood discharge flow direction. According to the invention, air is sucked by the side aeration steps by vortex negative pressure, so that the sidewalls are protected from cavitation erosion, and the flip bucket with the vent pipe at the outlet of the flood discharge tunnel is arranged below the flood elevation, so that the water flow in the watercourse generates turbulent shearing, the energy dissipation rate is improved, the scouring to the watercourse is alleviated, the damage to the flood discharge tunnel and the landslide of the mountain body at the outlet downstream are avoided, and the ecological environment is greatly improved.

A stepped energy dissipator of a pre-aeration device comprises a step arranged on a bottom slope and an aeration device located upstream of the step. The aeration device has four structural forms, the first structural form is composed of a ridge, air holes and air wells, the second structural form is composed of a ridge, aeration grooves, air holes and air wells, and the third The structural form is composed of lifting ridges, falling ridges, air holes and air wells, and the fourth structural form is composed of lifting ridges, falling ridges, aeration grooves, air holes and air wells. This kind of energy dissipator can not only increase the energy dissipation rate of the steps, but also reduce or avoid the possibility of cavitation damage of the steps, and effectively solve the problem of increasing the energy dissipation rate and improving the cavitation resistance when the overflow of the spillway or the dam surface is operated at a large single-width flow rate. There are contradictory problems between erosion and damage.

The invention relates to a facility for eliminating the negative pressure of a bottom plate at a torrent diffusion slope-variable section of a flood discharging tunnel, The facility comprises a step-down floor and pressing holes, wherein the step-down floor is arranged in front of a negative pressure region of the bottom plate at a diffusion section of the flood discharging tunnel; the pressing holes are arranged at two ends of the step-down floor outside a side wall of the flood discharging tunnel; a hollow cavity formed between a jet flow surface generated by discharged water in the flood discharging tunnel flowing across the step-down floor and a step-down floor bottom plate surface is communicated with air through the pressing holes so that the negative pressure of the bottom plate of the flood discharging tunnel is reduced and partial damage of the bottom plate of the flood discharging tunnel is avoided. In general, the step-down floor height is 0.30-1.00m, and the sizes of the pressing holes are determined by factors, such as the step-down floor height, step-down floor aerating capacities, a negative pressure region range and the like. A physical model test result shows that the pressing facility provided by the invention can be used for effectively eliminating a negative pressure value of the bottom plate at the torrent diffusion section of the flood discharging tunnel, increasing water flow aerating concentration and improving the energy dissipation effect of a stilling basin.

The invention relates to an underflow type stair stilling pool energy consumption system. The underflow type stair stilling pool energy consumption system comprises multi-level stilling pools which are arranged at different elevations of a lateral mountain of a reservoir dam body in a stair mode, an upstream diversion canal guiding out water in a reservoir, spillways which are corresponding to the stilling pools and shore diversion canals which are used for diverting water in the stilling pool at the lowest elevation to a downstream river channel; downstream ends of the stilling pools are arranged on the same side; side walls at the downstream ends of the stilling pools are provided with overflow weirs. The underflow type stair stilling pool energy consumption system is applicable to narrow river valleys and small flow high water head water conservancy projects with downstream river channels changed from narrow to wide to avoid the stilling pools from being damaged, guarantee the downstream river channel safety and improve the energy consumption rate.

The invention aims to provide a differential falling-sill type stilling pool and relates to a novel stilling pool. The differential drop-sill type stilling pool comprises a diversion connection reverse slope section, a differential falling-sill stilling pool main body section and a stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section which are sequentially connected in the water flow direction, wherein the stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section is connected with a downstream apron, and a plurality of longitudinal sills protruding from a bottom plate are arranged on a bottom plate in the differential falling-sill stilling pool main body section in the water flow direction. The differential drop-sill type stilling pool is particularly suitable for underflow energy dissipation of high-speed water flow during flood discharge of hydropower stations, the energy dissipation rate is effectively increased, the hydraulic index near the bottom is reduced, protection engineering of downstream river slope of the stilling pool is reduced and even removed, and thus, construction funds are saved.

The invention relates to an energy dissipation structure capable of adjusting the tail sill height of a stilling basin and an adjusting method thereof. The energy dissipation structure comprises a step overflow dam, a WES ogee section and the stilling basin, wherein the step overflow dam, the WES ogee section and the stilling basin are sequentially connected; a stilling basin tail sill is arrangedat the tail end of the stilling basin; a hydraulic lift-up device is arranged at the bottom of the stilling basin tail sill; and the height of the stilling basin tail sill can be adjusted through thehydraulic lift-up device. Through optimizing the integral stilling basin tail sill, different heights of the stilling basin tail sill can be adopted under different flow rate conditions, so that theintegral stability of the bottom plate of the stilling basin and the turbulence degree of the water flow regime are buffered to different degrees, the bottom stability of the stilling basin and stability of bank slopes on both banks are protected favorably, and the energy dissipation rates under various levels of flow rates are increased to different degrees.

The invention provides a flood discharge structure adopting bottom hole and surface hole combined flood discharge and energy dissipation. The flood discharge structure comprises a surface hole and a bottom hole, wherein the surface hole and the bottom hole are formed in sequence from top to bottom in a vertical direction, the surface hole comprises a wide pier which is arranged in the middle and overflow surface holes which are formed in both sides of the wide pier, the bottom hole comprises a flood discharge bottom hole which is formed in the middle below the surface hole, and an outlet of the flood discharge bottom hole is located in a connected area of the two overflow surface holes. The overflow surface holes and the flood discharge bottom hole are formed in a combined mode from top tobottom in the vertical direction; when the discharge amount is small, only the bottom hole is opened so as to discharge water; and when the discharge capacity is large, the overflow surface holes andthe flood discharge bottom hole are opened at the same time so as to discharge flood, and the energy dissipation rate and the flow coefficient are increased. Water flow from the surface and bottom holes collides in the air, the nappe transversely diffuses, energy is dissipated, the impact strength on a stilling pool is reduced, and the digging depth can be correspondingly reduced; and additionally, the longitudinal length of the nappe is reduced, and the length of the stilling pool can be correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the flood discharge structure and the stilling pool are compact in arrangement and are convenient to manage, and the engineering investment is saved.

The invention relates to a post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy project flood discharging and energy dissipation. The post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould comprises a wide tail pier, an energy dissipation step and a force dissipation pool. The wide tail pier is located at the tail part of a WES overflow dam surface gate pier. The energy dissipation step is located at a liner section of a dam body WES overflow dam surface. One end of the energy dissipation step is connected with the wide tail pier 1. The other end of the energy dissipation step 2 is connected with the force dissipation pool 3 through an ogee section. The post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould adopts a joint energy dissipation mode, the energy dissipation ratio is improved by a certain extent, according to the post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould, the energy dissipation step is optimized, negative pressure appearing in the dam surface can be reduced when the wide tail pier is overflowed, washout function on the dam surface due to water concentration can be also avoided, the post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould is low in washout on downstream, the dam body is safe and reliable, the service life is long, the post-optimized joint energy dissipation working body mould is low in size demand, the facility maintenance period is long, and more economic and security are achieved.

The invention discloses a method for performing drainage and energy dissipation by utilizing steps. A drainage channel overflowing face is designed to be an identical-slope-ratio step structure. The ratio of height T to width h of identical-slope-ratio steps is designed slope ratio of the drainage channel overflowing face. The designed energy dissipation rate eta of a drainage channel is confirmed according to the total height P and the drainage amount q per unit width of the drainage channel and step roughness coefficient n of the identical-slope-ratio steps. The step roughness coefficient n of the identical-slope-ratio steps is confirmed according to protruding height delta of the identical-slope-ratio steps. The protruding height delta of the identical-slope-ratio steps is confirmed according to the step height T of the identical-slope-ratio steps and an included angle formed by the drainage face and a horizontal face. The step height T of the identical-slope-ratio steps is confirmed according to the drainage amount q per unit width of the drainage channel, and the drainage amount q per unit width of the drainage channel is confirmed according to the width B of the drainage channel. The drainage face is an oblique plane composed of oblique sides of a right angled triangle consisting of two right angled sides of each of identical-slope-ratio steps. The method for performing the drainage and the energy dissipation by utilizing the steps has the advantages of being simple in structure and saving engineering investment.

The invention discloses a pile plate plane and vertical face intersecting combination auxiliary energy dissipater. Three levels of pile plate structures are arranged in an absorption basin at the downstream part of a discharging weir at equal distances to form space structure intersected pile plate displacement arrangement; rotary rolling exists in the water flow, and the multi-level auxiliary energy dissipating effect is achieved; and the pile plate structures are composed of a plurality of energy dissipating piles and high-low plates erected among the energy dissipating piles and are arranged on the same water passing section. When the water flow seriously impacts the pile plate structures, most energy is removed through the hydraulic jump, local resistance of piles enables the surrounding water of the piles to be subjected to shear friction, and part of energy is also dissipated; and through the energy dissipating piles arranged in a multi-level equal-height-difference manner, the flow speed gradient in the water flow can be increased, and the pattern of the hydraulic jump is changed; rotary rolling appears in the water flow in the absorption basin, so that the forced hydraulic jump is generated, and the aims of improving the energy dissipating rate and shortening the length of the absorption basin are achieved; and compared with a single plane arrangement auxiliary energy dissipater like an energy dissipating pier, the solid arrangement energy dissipater is more stable in structure and better in energy dissipating effect.

The invention discloses a multistage water cushion rotational flow vertical shaft flood discharging tunnel suitable for a high water head. The multistage water cushion rotational flow vertical shaft flood discharging tunnel comprises an upper horizontal section, a volute chamber section, a contraction section, a vertical shaft section and a lower horizontal section. An energy dissipation water cushion device is arranged at the position of the vertical shaft section with the water flow speed of 30-35m / s and formed by the contraction section, a protruded expanded ring plate and a straight drum section. The inner ring edge of the protruded expanded ring plate is connected with the lower end of the contraction section, the outer ring edge is connected with the upper end of the straight drum section, vent holes communicated with a blind area and outside atmosphere are arranged at the position of the water flow blind area formed by connecting the straight drum section with the protruded expanded ring plate so that air can be aerated into water flow, and the water flow can flow through the contraction section to be annularly contracted to solid water flow due to the inner diameter of the lower end of the contraction section so as to form a water cushion on the contraction section. The rotational flow vertical shaft flood discharging tunnel is suitable for high water head hydropower engineering and can greatly improve energy dissipation efficiency, vertical shaft cavitation damage can be effectively avoided, energy dissipation pressure of the bottom water cushion can be reduced simultaneously, and bottom plate damage is avoided.

The invention provides a reducing and sudden expansion type inner energy dissipater. The energy dissipater consists of a matrix and an overflow hole arranged in the matrix, wherein, the overflow hole is in a contractible cone frustum shape, the inlet of the overflow hole is bigger than the outlet of the overflow hole, the diameter of the inlet of the overflow hole is equal to the diameter D1 of a flood discharge hole, the diameter D2 of the outlet of the overflow hole is equal to 0.1D1-0.7D1, and the overflow hole and the matrix have the equal length of L0 which is equal to 0.4D1-2.5D1. The reducing and sudden expansion type inner energy dissipater can be applied to energy dissipation in the pressured flood discharge hole; when in use, at least one reducing and sudden expansion type inner energy dissipater is arranged in the pressured flood discharge hole; and in the case of at least two reducing and sudden expansion type inner energy dissipaters, the distance between two neighboring energy dissipaters is at least 2D1, wherein, D1 is the diameter of the flood discharge hole.

The invention discloses a staged flow constraining debris flow drainage slot and an application thereof. The staged flow constraining debris flow drainage slot comprises a plurality of sections of flow constraining structural bodies connected end to end; the cross sections of passage at the inlet of the debris flow of the sections of flow constraining structural bodies are totally same, and the cross sections of passage at the outlet of the debris flow of the sections of flow constraining structural bodies are totally same; each of the flow constraining structural bodies comprises a slot bottom and side walls on two sides of the slot bottom, the slot bottom is gradually lifted along the flow direction of the debris flow and the side walls on two sides are gradually narrowed toward the center line of the drainage slot along the flow direction of the debris flow. By means of a design of gradually contracting the cross sections of passage of the flow constraining structural bodies and suddenly expanding two sections of flow constraining structural bodies, the staged flow constraining debris flow drainage slot can enhance turbulent fluctuation of the debris flow effectively, increase the energy dissipated ratio of the debris flow and reduce the speed of the debris flow so as to alleviate the abrading and scouring degrees of the drainage slot, so that the drainage safety of the debris flow in the downstream region is protected effectively. The staged flow constraining debris flow drainage slot is particularly suitable for high gradient channels in alpine regions and debris flowbodies containing large particle boulders.

The invention provides a novel gradually-changed drop sill type stilling pool, which is composed of a flow guide connection slope section, a stilling pool main body section and a stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section sequentially connected in the water flow direction; the flow guide connection slope section is connected with an upstream flood discharge facility and is used for guiding water flow into the stilling pool; a drop sill is arranged at the joint of the flow guide connection slope section and the stilling pool main body section, and a bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is a concave curved surface (the concave surface means downward concaving to the outside of the stilling pool water body), so that the height of the stilling pool drop sill is symmetricallyand gradually increased from two sides to the middle. The stilling pool can effectively improve the energy dissipation rate, reduces the hydraulic indexes near the bottom, and achieves the purposes ofreducing or even cancelling protection engineering of a bank slope of a downstream river channel of the stilling pool and saving construction fund.

The invention discloses a method for preventing water of a release structure from over-step flowing and a stepped energy dissipater. The method comprises the following steps: draining water to the stepped energy dissipater, enabling water to firstly flow through drainage wedges which are raised step by step on steps of the stepped energy dissipater, keeping the water be matched with water Froude numbers which are increased along the process, guiding the coming water to form continuous gentle wave-shaped water flow, gradually reducing the radius of the wave-shaped water flow in a smooth mode, joining downstream water at an energy dissipation section finally, and ensuring that the water flows smoothly and flows downwards step by step. The stepped energy dissipater comprises a smooth flow-in section and an energy dissipation section, wherein the flow-in section comprises a section of steps; the drainage wedges are arranged on the steps of the section of the steps; the energy dissipation section comprises another section of steps which are connected with the section of the steps; and tail ridges are arranged on the steps of the section of the steps. On the one hand, the step flow regime can be stabilized and smoothed by the drainage wedges of the smooth flow-in section, and on the other hand, an efficient energy dissipation effect can be achieved through the high tail ridges on the steps of the energy dissipation section.

The invention discloses an overflow weir and elastic force type stilling pool combined energy dissipation structure and an energy dissipation method. The overflow weir and elastic force type stillingpool combined energy dissipation structure comprises an overflow weir and a stilling pool, the overflow weir comprises a WES straight line section and a WES ogee section, the WES straight line sectionis connected to the WES ogee section, a rotating shaft part is arranged at the joint, a hydraulic jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the tail part of the WES ogee section, the tail part of the WES ogee section of the overflow weir is connected to the stilling pool, the stilling pool comprises a stilling pool head part, a stilling pool middle part and a stilling pool tail part, the tail part of the WES ogee section of the overflow weir is connected to the stilling pool head part, and more than one rubber support is arranged under a base plate of each of the stilling pool head part, the stilling pool middle part and the stilling pool tail part. According to the overflow weir and elastic force type stilling pool combined energy dissipation structure and the energy dissipation method, the ascending height of the hydraulic jacking device is adjusted, so that the height difference between the WES ogee section of the overflow weir and the stilling pool head part can be adjusted, thepurpose of energy dissipation can be achieved, and in the pouring process, the rubber support are arranged under the base plate of each of the stilling pool head part, the stilling pool middle part and the stilling pool tail part, so that energy dissipation can also be carried out.

The invention relates to a vertical shaft spiral-flow type inner energy dissipater used for discharging ecological flows and belongs to inner energy dissipaters of hydraulic and hydropower engineering ecological flow discharging. An air hole is formed in the center of the top of a volute chamber, the lower portion of the volute chamber is connected with a vertical shaft through a vertical shaft contraction section, and an inlet water diversion section of the volute chamber is connected with the side face of the volute chamber. The vertical shaft spiral-flow type inner energy dissipater has the advantages of being novel in structure. In comparison with a conventional energy dissipation technology, vertical shaft spiral-flow type inner energy dissipater is flexible in vertical shaft spiral-flow type energy dissipation arrangement, high in adaptability to an engineering geological condition and high in energy dissipation rate, and the energy dissipation rate can reach above 85%. In comparison with a conventional energy dissipation valve chamber scheme, more than 1000 millions of investments can be saved, the engineering effect is obvious, and the vertical shaft spiral-flow type inner energy dissipater has wide popularization value.

The invention discloses a classified pool-inlet high-dam flood discharge energy dissipater for bottom flow. The classified pool-inlet high-dam flood discharge energy dissipater comprises a gravity dam and an absorption basin. At least two different elevation positions in a body of the gravity dam are provided with flow discharging channels extending downstream respectively, and falling banks are arranged below outlets of the flow discharging channels, wherein the falling banks are internally provided with ventilation galleries and ventilation holes. At least three levels of steps are sequentially arranged in the absorption basin from the upstream part to the downstream part. When flow passes through the top and the interior of the dam at the same time, the outlets of the flow discharging channels are sequentially located on vertical faces of the steps, with the corresponding level numbers from the upstream part to the downstream part, in the absorption basin from high to low according to the elevation of the outlets. When the flow only passes through the interior of the dam, the outlets of all the flow discharging channels are sequentially located on the vertical face at the starting position of the first-level step in the absorption basin and the vertical faces of the steps with the corresponding level numbers from the upstream part to the downstream part in the absorption basin from high to low according to the elevations of the outlets. With the energy dissipater, water in a reservoir enters the absorption basin from the flow discharging channels at the different elevations or from the top of the gravity dam and the flow discharging channels of the different elevations, and the water is scattered on the faces of the steps with the corresponding level numbers from the upstream part to the downstream part respectively in the absorption basin for energy dissipation.

The invention provides an overfallen type stepped plunge pool energy dissipation system. The overfallen type stepped plunge pool energy dissipation system comprises plunge pools arranged at different heights of a lateral mountain of a dam body of a reservoir in a multi-step mode, an upstream diversion channel drawing water out of the reservoir, horizontal spillways corresponding to the multiple plunge pools from the second height to the minimum height, and a shoreside diversion channel drawing water in the plunge pool at the minimum height into a downstream river channel. The downstream ends of all the plunge pools are located on the same side, and side walls of the downstream ends are each provided with a downstream weir; a water outlet of the upstream diversion channel is located in the upper portion of the upstream of the plunge pool at the maximum height; the horizontal spillway corresponding to the plunge pool at the second height and the plunge pool at the maximum height are the same in height, the horizontal spillway corresponding to the plunge pool at the second height is connected with the downstream weir arranged on the plunge pool at the maximum height, and a water outlet of the horizontal spillway corresponding to the plunge pool at the second height is located in the upper portion of the upstream of the plunge pool at the second height. The overfallen type stepped plunge pool energy dissipation system can protect the plunge pools against damage, guarantee the safety of the downstream river channel, and increase the energy dissipation rate.