The invention discloses a minor-diameter round tube micro-scale flexible straightening method and device. The minor-diameter round tube micro-scale flexible straightening device comprises a base and a U-shaped limiting frame installed on the base through screws. An elastic mat, an interposed mat and a fixed twisting plate are sequentially arranged in a frame body of the limiting frame, the elastic mat is close to a back plate, the portions between two vertical plates and the interposed mat are each provided with a partition plate and a tube diameter limiting mat, the partition plates are close to the interposed mat, and a movable twisting plate is arranged between the two partition plates. The elastic mat, the interposed mat, the movable twisting plate, the partition plates, the tube diameter limiting mats and the vertical plates of the fixed twisting plate are connected with the back plate in a pre-tightened mode through a plurality of adjustment screws and a plurality of cylindrical pins. According to the minor-diameter round tube micro-scale flexible straightening method and device, in the straightening process, under the elastic pressure, a minor-diameter round tube blank is gradually straightened, the rolling diameter is accordingly decreased, a gap between the movable twisting plate and the fixed twisting plate is accordingly decreased, influences of a rigid gap on the straightening accuracy are effectively prevented, and the minor-diameter round tube micro-scale flexible straightening device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in straightening accuracy and low in cost.