The invention discloses an artificial intelligent image recognizing based detection system for a printed circuit board. The system comprises a housing, a conveyor belt, an air pump, a motor, a telescoping rod, a pushing plate, a detector, a receiver, a sensor and a controller, wherein a feeding port and a discharging port are correspondingly formed in the front surface and the rear surface of thehousing; a motor and a defective product outlet are correspondingly arranged at the left end and the right end of the housing; the air pump is fixed to the top part of the housing; the controller is fixed to the outer surface of the housing. With the adoption of the system, general defects of a bare printed circuit board can be quickly and accurately positioned, including short circuit, open circuit, hole, excessive copper and scratch; the requirement on real-time detection in the production process is met; the system is reasonable in structure, convenient to operate, and high in automation degree; an artificial intelligent method replaces a traditional algorithm to realize automatic detection; the system is of a noncontact type, and is high in detection accuracy, fast, high in interference resistance, and convenient to connect to an ERP quality detection module in a communication manner.