The invention relates to a method for preventing conveying errors of filter rods for a filter rod conveying machine. A device adopted by the method comprises an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) electronic tag, an RFID reader-writer, an RFID gateway, an S7-300PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), an alarm lamp, a conveyer, an acquisition system and a server, wherein the acquisition system and the server are connected with cigarette making machines; the server acquires a production task which is executed currently by each cigarette making machine in real time, extracts material codes of required filter rods from a material list of the production tasks, and stores the material codes; the server writes a storage region of the S7-300PLC through an industrial Ethernet through an acquired current connection relationship between the conveyer and the cigarette making machines and the acquired material codes of the filter rods used by the cigarette making machine currently; and the S7-300PLC is used for checking the material codes of the filter rods in information of the RFID electronic tag, read by the RFID reader-writer, and the material codes of the filter rods required by the corresponding cigarette making machines. According to the method, quality accidents can be effectively avoided.