The invention discloses a comprehensive identification method for motion characteristics of an axisymmetric high-speed flight vehicle. The comprehensive identification method for the motion characteristics of the axisymmetric high-speed flight vehicle is used for solving the technical problem that an existing self-adaptation attitude control method for a hypersonic flight vehicle is poor in real-time performance. According to the technical scheme, the comprehensive identification method for the motion characteristics of the axisymmetric high-speed flight vehicle comprises the steps that a high-speed flight vehicle full mathematical model is established to deduce a control-oriented attitude motion equation, a characteristic equation is established, a functional relationship between parameters of the characteristic equation and sensor measurement is established, parameters of a control-oriented high-speed flight vehicle characteristic model can be obtained rapidly and directly in an online mode through algebraic calculation, and then the parameters are used for adjusting parameters of a self-adaptation controller. Therefore, an iterative operation process needed by a system identification method is omitted, the efficient and rapid identification method is provided for obtaining of system parameters of the flight vehicle, the requirement of the high-speed flight vehicle for time sensitivity is met, the defects and shortcomings of the system identification method are overcome, and real-time performance of a control method for the hypersonic flight vehicle is improved.