The invention discloses a photovoltaic module testing device and testing method. The testing device comprises a testing box body and a control device, the testing box body is used for testing the temperature and the humidity of a photovoltaic module, the control device is used for adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the testing box body, and a light source assembly, a placement assemblyand a detection assembly are further arranged in the testing box body; and a corresponding light source assembly is arranged in the testing box body, a light source can be provided for irradiating thephotovoltaic assembly in the test process, and illumination factors are increased, so that the test accuracy is improved. During testing, the bottom of the photovoltaic module is inserted into a slotin a sliding manner, and during dismounting, the photovoltaic module is directly pulled out, so that the whole photovoltaic module can be mounted and dismounted conveniently and quickly, the consumedtime is shorter, the testing efficiency is higher, the testing method of the testing device is used, and an outdoor environment can be simulated more accurately by introducing an illumination condition. The PID recovery phenomenon caused by illumination is eliminated, and the outdoor PID phenomenon of the photovoltaic module can be tested more truly.