The invention discloses a method for judging the optimum working voltage of an avalanche photodiode APD of 10G EPON, comprising the following steps: S1: Obtaining the reverse breakdown voltage V of the APD according to the test data of BOSA or the RSSI under the condition of no light br ;S2: Set an initial working bias voltage, select a fixed input optical power, test the current bit error rate or number of bit errors according to the preset duration, and then increase the working bias step by step with the set step value and repeat Test, test at least 3 points until the bit error rate or the number of bit errors increases; S3: Set the working bias as x and the bit error rate as y, and solve the quadratic equation y=ax 2 +bx+c, get a, b, c three coefficients; S4: According to the obtained a, b, c three coefficients, calculate the extreme value to get the corresponding APD DAC; S5: use the APD DAC value for sensitivity test, if qualified If passed, the APD DAC at the current temperature is subtracted from the corresponding temperature value in the APD DAC LUK table and updated to the APDDAC LUK after translation. If it fails, it fails.