The invention discloses a respiratory gas analysis device including a laser, a flight tube, a photoelectric detector, a piezoelectric synchronous trigger, a gas inlet, a vacuum pump and a controller, wherein the flight tube is internally provided with a first annular electrode, a second annular electrode and a third annular electrode at intervals, a region between the first annular electrode and the second annular electrode is a reversed electric field region, and a region between the second annular electrode and the third annular electrode is a forward electric field region. A laser ionization flight time mass spectrometry method is used for real-time on-line analysis of samples, and has the advantages of short analysis time, large detectable molecular weight, high sensitivity for analysis, good reproducibility of detection results, and stable performance; the device has the advantages of simple structure, low production cost, no any trauma to detected patients, and is conducive to large-scale popularization and application.