The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method based on a fault-test correlation matrix. The method comprises the steps of 1), determining a system fault-test correlation matrix D through a correlation graphic model of a system; 2), establishing bayesian network nodes; 3), connecting two layers of bayesian network nodes in the step 2) according to each element value in the matrix D; 4), setting a condition probability table for the bayesian network nodes expressing faults; 5), setting the condition probability table for the bayesian network nodes expressing test items; 6), setting an evidence variable according to a test result of each test item; and 7), obtaining diagnosis results. According to the fault diagnosis method based on the fault-test correlation matrix provided by the invention, logic relationships between the faults and tests can be described by employing concise and visual graphs, the occurring probabilities of the faults of the system are effectively integrated, the defects of carrying out the existing fault diagnosis method by applying the correlation matrix are overcome, compared with the correlation matrix, the method has the advantage that the diagnosis analysis results are more quantitative.