The invention discloses a method and a system for online evaluating overall measuring errors of an electric energy measuring device. The method includes the steps of firstly, online acquiring multiple groups of electric energy data, and calculating corresponding bus electric energy unbalance rates to build mapping models; secondly, using two optional circuits to form a circuit pair, setting the virtual electric energy value of the current circuit pair and the electric energy value of other circuits to be 0 each time, calculating to obtain a virtual bus electric energy unbalance rate which serves as the overall measuring relative error of the electric energy measuring device of the current circuit pair according to the mapping models, and finally acquiring the overall measuring relative errors of all circuit pairs; thirdly, comparing the overall measuring relative errors with preset error conditions to judge error states. The system comprises a mapping model building module, a relative error calculating module and an error state evaluating module. The method and the system have the advantages that field tests are not needed, the overall measuring error states of the electric energy measuring device can be monitored in real time, and the method is simple to implement, convenient to use and efficient and safe.