The invention relates to a road internal stress and strain dynamic response information acquisition system and method, belonging to the field of road internal mechanical state detection. Four detection points are arranged during fwd detection. Response data is acquired through stress, strain sensors and a dynamic data acquisition unit which are buried in each structural layer in roads. According to recorded data of each layer of stress and strain sensor and the response time, awaveform is obtained. Effective graphic data is intercepted by the waveform response time, spliced, filtered, and theabnormal data is eliminated to obtain the result data. The response baseline calculation, response duration calculation, response peak record, peak interval record, and peak number record are completed in order. According to the invention, sensors and loads are arranged in a multi-point manner, through a reasonable and standard data processing flow, the system error of a data result is effectivelyreduced, and uncertain errors caused by fatigue, unfamiliar conditions and the like in a manual processing process are avoided.