Disclosed is a non-linear process fault detection method based on two-dimensional dynamic kernel principal component analysis, belonging to the fault detection technical field; the method comprises the following steps: the first step is to determine the sampling parameters, namely, to judge the execution process, determine the sampling parameters, select the data parameters which affect the fault, and then judge whether to carry through training or testing; the second step is training, that is, to collect the data of normal work, pick up the non-linear principal component of the training data through two-dimensional dynamic kernel principal component analysis, calculate the square prediction error of the training data and determine the control limit; the third step is testing, that is, to collect the online observation data, pick up the non-linear principal component of the online observation data through two-dimensional dynamic kernel principal component analysis, calculate the square prediction error of the real-time online observation data, compare the control limit of the square prediction error of the real-time online observation data with the control limit of the square prediction error of the training data, display and gives an alarm if the control limit of the former exceeds that of the latter. The invention can timely detect the fault in the production process and reduce losses in the industrial production process.