The invention discloses a throughput capacity-maximized unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory planning method, and belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle communication. The method comprises thefollowing steps of: S1, establishing an unmanned aerial vehicle-ground communication system model, and determining a throughput capacity optimization target function via a track of the unmanned aerialvehicle and transmission power; S2, setting distance thresholds, grouping a plurality of randomly distributed ground nodes according to the thresholds, and analyzing influences, on the groups, of different distance thresholds; S3, after the grounding, calculating the geometric center of each group so as to determine a flight center of the unmanned aerial vehicle, solving traveling salesman problems to solve shortest flight path problems of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and determining a communication sequence, for the grouped ground nodes, of the unmanned aerial vehicle; S4, determining an optimum flight radius, an optimum flight speed and an optimum flight circle number of the unmanned aerial vehicle; and S5, during the optimization, firstly optimizing the track under the condition that the track is certain, optimizing the track under the condition that the power is certain, and finally carrying out combined optimization, so as to improve the system throughput.