The invention provides a high speed data storing or reading method and device based on FPGA, the method and device belong to the computer field and the storage field. The device comprises an RAID controller (1), an SATA controller group (2), a multi-port memory controller group (3), an input output module (4), a RocketIO (5), an embedded processor (6), a memory controller module (7), a memory cell _1 (8), a memory cell _2 (9), a disk array (10) and an FPGA loading and configuring module (11). The modules 1-7 are realized in FPGA, and the modules 1-4 are connected with the embedded processor by a PLB bus. The embedded processor is taken as a core processing unit and coordinates and controls the entire system to operate. The device can simultaneously control a plurality of hard disks, and RAID0 and RAID1 can be realized by software configuration. The device is provided with a camlink interface, a PCIE interface and a fiber interface. The device reduces peripheral ASIC chip and PCB area and has the advantages of miniaturization, low power consumption and wide application.