The invention provides a heterogeneous multi-core processor based on an ARM, a DSP and an FPGA and a task scheduling method, and relates to technologies of heterogeneous multi-core processors. The heterogeneous multi-core processor based on the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA aims to solve the problems that a conventional multi-core processor is poor in environmental adaptability, parallel processing capability and resource control capability. The heterogeneous multi-core processor based on the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA comprises the ARM, the DSP, the FPGA and peripheral interfaces, wherein data transmission is carried out among the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA, and the peripheral interfaces comprise the RS232 interface, the CAN bus interface, the SPI interface and the USB interface. An electricity supply module for software implementation is embedded in the FPGA and used for controlling electricity supply of the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA. According to the heterogeneous multi-core processor based on the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA and the task scheduling method, the different peripheral interfaces can be dynamically reconstructed in real time according to different interface requirements, and the resource utilization rate and the environmental adaptability are improved remarkably; software can be loaded into different processors, and parallel running of hardware is achieved truly. The heterogeneous multi-core processor based on the ARM, the DSP and the FPGA and the task scheduling method are suitable for an embedded application environment.