An automatic transmission of a bicycle comprises an outer wheel shell, a left end cover, a right end cover and a main shaft. The main shaft penetrates out of the left end cover and the right end cover and is provided with a duplicate center gear and a single center gear. A cross-shaped shaft sleeve is installed in the position, outside the left end cover, on the left of the main shaft, and a chain wheel is installed on the cross-shaped shaft sleeve in a sleeved mode. A first-gear inner gear ring, a second-gear inner gear ring and a third-gear inner gear ring are installed in the outer wheel shell respectively. The second-gear inner gear ring and the third-gear inner gear ring are provided with outer ratchets respectively. The first-gear inner gear ring is inserted in the cross-shaped shaft sleeve. The portions, at the two ends of the duplicate center gear, of the main shaft are sleeved with a front blocking piece and a rear blocking piece through bearings respectively. A disk planetary gear carrier is installed between the front blocking piece and the rear blocking piece. A plurality of first cylindrical pins are installed on the disk planetary gear carrier, and a first-gear planetary gear set is installed on the front portions, corresponding to the first-gear inner gear ring, of the multiple first cylindrical pins. Compared with the prior art, the automatic transmission of the bicycle has the advantages that the automatic transmission is simple in structure, flexible in speed change operation, convenient to maintain and the like, and parts are not prone to damage.