The invention discloses a mine slight shock and blasting signal identification method based on waveform slope before and after a peak value. The method comprises: step 1, acquiring a linear identification equation: based on N times of slight shock events and M times of blasting events, obtaining a linear identification equation with logarithm of A, logarithm of k1, logarithm of k2, logarithm of k3, logarithm of k4, logarithm of k5, and logarithm of k6 as characteristic parameters, the linear identification equation being Y=a1* lg(k1)+a2*lg(k2)+a3*lg(k3)+a4*lg(k4)+a5*lg(k5)+a6*lg(k6)+b*lg(A)+c; step 2, calculating a distinguishing threshold value Yd; step 3, based on the linear identification equation and the distinguishing threshold value Yd, identifying a to-be-identified event; and calculating a distinguishing value Y of the to-be-identified event, if Y<=Yd, the to-be-identified event being a slight shock event, and if not, the to-be-identified event being a blasting event. The method is low in calculated amount, and identification results are not influenced by signal noise, and the method is high in accuracy.