The invention discloses a reconnaissance data management system based on a block chain and a working method thereof. The reconnaissance data management system comprises an authorization module, an acquisition module, a storage module, a verification module, a sharing module and an evaluation module, the storage module comprises a local storage unit and a block chain storage unit; and the sharing module comprises a data query and display unit and a data exchange unit. The system has the advantages that the whole system comprises authorization, collection, storage, verification, sharing and evaluation, private storage of survey data is guaranteed, data sharing among different survey units is supported, and the efficiency and reliability of the data are improved; with the help of a block chain technology, information of an investigation unit, investigation personnel, investigation equipment, investigation data and a data exchange process is encrypted and uploaded to a chain, so that the non-modifiability and the verifiability of the uploaded data are ensured; each investigation unit, the investigation personnel and the equipment are endowed with unique identities, and the identities cannot be modified, so that the uniqueness of a data source is ensured.