The invention discloses a plant medicament for preventing and controlling sesame aphids. The plant medicament consists of 7,000 grams of wintergreen barberry root, 2,000 grams of camphor tree leaf, 5,000 grams of red-knees herb, 5,000 grams of ginseng, 2,000 grams of dried chilli, 3,000 grams of luffa leaf, 2,000 grams of pricklyash peel and 3,000 grams of carbendazol. The plant medicament is prepared by the following steps of: hammering the wintergreen barberry root, the camphor tree leaf, the red-knees herb, the ginseng, the dried chilli, the luffa leaf and the pricklyash peel in proportion respectively, combining all the powder, putting the mixture into a large iron pot, adding 300 grams of water into the pot to soak the mixture for 10 minutes, then boiling the mixture for 20 minutes over big fire, adding the carbendazol into the mixture with stirring, stirring the mixture for 10 minutes after the adding is finished, boiling the mixture for 15 minutes over soft fire, filtering the mixture, taking filtrate, cooling the filtrate, adding 5 percent methyl 1605 and 3 percent hexachlorocyclohexane mixed powder into the filtrate, and fully stirring the mixture to obtain the plant medicament.