The invention discloses a high-efficiency multistage biological infiltration sewage treatment device and method. The device comprises a water inlet pipe, a filter tank, a flocculation tank and a sedimentation tank, the filter tank, the flocculation tank and the sedimentation tank are connected by pipes, a water outlet end of the water inlet pipe is positioned on one side close to the top of the filter tank, a grid, a first filter layer, a second filter layer and a third filter layer are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the filter tank, the top of the flocculation tank is fixedly connected with a plurality of first motors through brackets, shaft extension ends of the first motors are fixedly connected with stirring shafts, a drainage pipe is arranged on the outer wall, close to the bottom, of the sedimentation tank in a penetrating manner, and the bottom of the sedimentation tank is conical. By arranging the filter layer, the first filter layer, the second filter layer and thelike, impurities in sewage can be effectively filtered by utilizing multi-stage biological infiltration, so that the working load of a subsequent treatment device is greatly reduced, the sewage treatment effect is good, the treatment cost of water per unit volume is greatly reduced, and the practicability is high.