The invention belongs to the technical field of laser detection, and in particular relates to a high signal-to-noise ratio detection device and a high signal-to-noise ratio detection method applied tonear field measurement of high power laser. The detection device comprises a CCD sensor, a pre-amplification and pre-processing unit, a sampling conversion mechanism, an FPGA controller, a PHY chip and an optical fiber network interface. The detection device provided by the invention is mainly used for performing near field measurement of high power laser, can well detect the laser with differentstrength distribution, and thus accurate near field measurement is achieved. Meanwhile, the detection device aims at the high signal-to-noise ratio requirement when the high power laser is subjectedto near field measurement, can achieve imaging with a high dynamic range, a high signal-to-noise ratio and low uniformity, and can stably output a high quality laser measurement image. In addition, the detection device can flexibly select a sampling position and efficiently process sampling data, so that the flexibility of data processing is also greatly enhanced while the signal-to-noise ratio ofthe image is improved.