The invention discloses a support scaffold for an ancient building gallery bridge and a construction method of the support scaffold. The support scaffold comprises support base frames, support connecting rods and a reinforcing plate, the reinforcing plate is arranged between the support connecting rods, and the support connecting rods are arranged between the support base frames; and each support base comprises a base, first arch ribs, second arch ribs, third arch ribs, a beam frame, a support transverse frame and a support rod, the first arch ribs are arranged between the base and the beam frame, the second arch ribs are arranged between the base and the support transverse frame, the third arch ribs are arranged between the beam frame and the support rod, and the support rod penetrates through the support transverse frame. The construction method comprises the following steps of (a) clearing a workyard; (b) constructing a frame; (c) assembling the support base frames; (d) reinforcing; and (e) monitoring. According to the support scaffold for the ancient building gallery bridge and the construction method of the support scaffold, connecting of the support scaffold is flexible, disassembling and assembling are convenient, repairing is convenient, the anti-load capacity is high, the steadiness and the endurance are achieved, the construction method is simple, the construction period is short, the construction quality is easy to control, transportation of materials is convenient, and the construction cost is low.