The invention discloses a gravity compound pendulum-based micro force measuring device and a measuring method. In the device, a rotating shaft passes through the gravity compound pendulum and is put on a support, the compound pendulum swings an angle under effects of micro-thrust, low friction exists between the shaft and the pendulum, and thus, the micro-thrust can be sensed; the horizontal microdisplacement of the compound pendulum is measured through micro-distance sensors which are arranged in a vertical differential mode, the swinging angle is indirectly measured, and further through a moment balance relationship, the size of the micro-thrust is inversely deduced. The measuring principle and the method are simple and feasible and can reach the precision of a micro newton level; a clump weight arranged at the top end of the gravity compound pendulum can move vertically, the gravity center and the inertia of the compound pendulum are adjusted, the micro-thrust sensitivity is increased, and the influences of external vibration are reduced; the horizontal displacement of the compound pendulum is measured in a differential mode, and errors brought by environment vibration, toolingand measuring devices can be eliminated; electromagnetic damping can reduce oscillation of the compound pendulum, and influences of a disturbance torque are reduced; and besides, calibration on the micro-thrust can be directly completed through a weight calibration mode, and the operation is simple and convenient.