The invention relates to a detection device of a liquid sample, in particular to a liquid sample detection device with simple and sanitary operation, which comprises a cup body provided with a cover gasket, and is characterized in that the lower part of the cup body is closely connected with a bottom support; a checkout console slot is formed on the side edge of the cup body close to the bottom, and communicated with the cup body; and the detection device is also provided with a checkout console. Because the position of the checkout console slot is close to the bottom, the detection can be carried out when a small quantity of liquid exists in the cup body only. In addition, the cup body is sealed up by the cover gasket, and the upper surface of the liquid in the cup body is separated fromthe external environment, so that external barometric pressure has no influence to the internal liquid, and the liquid is not easy to flow out from the cup body though the height of the checkout console slot is less than that of the internal liquid in the cup body. Moreover, a liquid sample to be detected is not easy to be polluted under the circumstances of separating from the external environment, thereby ensuring the detection accuracy.