The invention discloses a multi-dimensional fast acquisition method and system for satellite signals. The acquisition system comprises a digital intermediate frequency mixer, a local code generator, a partial matching filter (PMF), a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module, an acquisition detection module, an acquisition verification module and an acquisition judgment module; the technical problems of limited detection frequency offset range, high hardware implementation complexity, long processing delay and the like a satellite signal acquisition algorithm under a high dynamic environment can be solved via the algorithms of frequency adaptive adjustment, partial matching filter, fast Fourier transform and the like; the method and the system have the remarkable advantages of simple structure, low technical implementation complexity, short processing delay, large detection frequency offset range and the like, wherein the detectable Doppler frequency shift range is +/- 50 KHz, the Doppler frequency change rate is +/- 50 Hz, stable reception of radio communication under the extremely high dynamic environment having the flight speed of 20Ma and the acceleration of 180g can thus be realized, and the acquisition tracking time is less than 100ms.