The invention discloses a courier item receiving and dispatching system and method based on two-dimensional code recognition. The system comprises a host and a server connected with the host, and thehost is in communication with mobile phones of receiving and dispatching people and a hand-held terminal of a courier through the server. The method includes the steps: firstly, writing information ofreceiving and dispatching items; secondly, building plaintexts of the information of the receiving and dispatching items; thirdly, encrypting the plaintexts to generate cipher texts; fourthly, generating two-dimensional code symbols; fifthly, printing two-dimensional code adhesive paper; sixthly, updating mail logistics information; seventhly, identifying the two-dimensional code; eighthly, automatically calling a receiver up to inform the receiver of signing and confirming a mail; ninthly, storing the information. According to the system and method, numbers and Chinese characters are storedby the aid of the two-dimensional code, customer information is secreted, man-made interference is removed, the two-dimensional code is combined with the mobile communication, so that a customer phoneis automatically identified, a customer is informed, express information is stored in a main station in real time, working time is saved, and working efficiency is improved.