The invention provides a control instruction error correction system and a control instruction error correction method. The system comprises a data integrated processing module, a comprehensive display module and a system-grade real-time monitoring module, and further comprises a real-time instruction error correction alarm module and a historical alarm comprehensive analysis module. According to the invention, through receiving data and performing data integrated processing, conflict modeling is carried out on an aircraft currently changing an instruction height, then conflict calculation is performed, whether a current control instruction causes a control unsafe accident is identified, and a conflict predetermining function is demonstrated, thus the safety of air traffic control work is improved; the system and method have the advantages of high alarm accuracy, low false alarm rate, real-time and accurate data and wide application scope; and besides, the area transplantability is high, the customization is good, the flexibility is high, alarm information, parameters and the like can be customized for each control area according to actual conditions, the system and method are already applied to guiding daily control operation work, and the alarm accuracy and the false alarm rate reach a domestic advanced level.