49 results about "Construction automation" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to a swivel bridge ectopic support cast-in-place construction method which comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a three-dimensional model of a bridge and a support by using a BIM technology, performing virtual simulation, obtaining a simulation result by simulating a construction process, and outputting a construction scheme; s2, monitoring the support structure and the overall state of the bridge in real time on the swivel bridge construction site through monitoring equipment, and collecting real-time data of the construction site; when the system is used, equipment idling is reduced, personnel are reasonably distributed, material transportation is optimized, the construction efficiency is improved, intelligent optimization of data driving is achieved through BIM + AI, the construction automation level is improved, accurate analysis of supports and construction data is facilitated, the problem finding efficiency is improved, construction personnel can conveniently and rapidly intervene, construction delay is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. Potential risks can be predicted before faults occur, potential safety hazards are reduced, the construction sequence is adjusted through intelligent analysis, and delay caused by abnormal data is reduced.

The invention discloses a tunnel surrounding rock deformation prediction method, system and equipment. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation prediction method comprises the steps that actual multi-source data in the tunneling process of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) are obtained, and the multi-source data at least comprise surrounding rock deformation monitoring data, tunneling data of the tunnel boring machine and vibration signal data; the multi-source data is input into a pre-trained prediction model, a prediction result of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation condition in the TBM tunneling process is obtained, and the prediction model is pre-trained with the pre-obtained multi-source data as a training sample and the tunnel surrounding rock deformation condition as a label. According to the embodiment of the invention, the method can achieve the advanced prediction of the deformation of the surrounding rock through the real-time data in the construction process of the tunnel boring machine, provides a scientific basis for the construction parameter optimization and risk early warning of the tunnel boring machine, reduces the workload of manual monitoring, and improves the construction automation level.

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction automation, in particular to a concrete precast slab vibrating and leveling robot and method.The robot comprises a truss-type mechanical arm, a first truss-type Y-axis mechanical arm and a second truss-type Y-axis mechanical arm, and the truss-type mechanical arm comprises an X-axis movement mechanism, a first truss-type Y-axis mechanical arm and a second truss-type Y-axis mechanical arm; the first telescopic mechanical arm and the second telescopic mechanical arm are respectively mounted at the moving ends of the first truss type Y-axis mechanical arm and the second truss type Y-axis mechanical arm; the vibrating actuator is connected with the tail end of the first telescopic mechanical arm; the leveling actuator is connected with the tail end of the second telescopic mechanical arm; the visual device is used for photographing the concrete precast slab mold table entering the operation station according to a preset period to obtain a concrete slab image corresponding to the preset period, and sending the concrete slab image to the electrical control device; and the electrical control device is used for controlling the vibration actuator and the leveling actuator to sequentially complete vibration operation and leveling operation of the concrete prefabricated slab based on the BIM drawing of the prefabricated slab and the obtained concrete slab image.

The invention discloses a hanging basket motion control method and system based on operation state recognition, particularly relates to the technical field of bridge construction automation, and is used for solving the problem of poor synchronous control of hanging basket movement. According to the method, working conditions are accurately recognized through multi-source sensing data fusion and a finite-state machine, servo system parameter self-adaptive setting is achieved based on working condition parameter mapping, and an anti-interference movement track is generated by adopting a model prediction control algorithm fusing pose feedback and wind load feedforward; walking synchronization and platform stability are achieved through cross coupling control and posture closed-loop fine adjustment, emergency response is provided through the independent safety guarding thread, control and protection double closed loops are formed, and therefore the motion precision, the anti-interference capacity and the intrinsic safety level of the hanging basket under the variable-load and strong-disturbance working conditions are effectively improved, and the safety of the hanging basket is improved. And the energy consumption and the mechanical vibration frequency in the moving process of the hanging basket are reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of road construction automation and intelligent control, discloses an intelligent sensing and control road laying automation method and system, and aims to solve the problem of unstable construction quality caused by discontinuous sensing data, poor equipment collaboration and lack of closed-loop feedback in the prior art. The method comprises the steps that operation parameters and material state data of paving and compacting equipment are collected in real time through a multi-mode sensing module; performing space-time alignment and fusion on the multi-source heterogeneous data, and constructing a high-precision three-dimensional digital construction model; and on the basis of a model prediction control algorithm, combining the laying quality prediction model and multi-objective optimization to generate optimal equipment control parameters. According to the scheme, intelligent sensing, self-adaptive decision making and accurate control in the construction process are achieved, the pavement flatness, the compaction uniformity and the construction efficiency are remarkably improved, manual dependence and resource waste are reduced, and the construction safety and the engineering quality traceability are enhanced.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction automation, and discloses a drilling and blasting method tunnel machine group cooperation large machine intelligent scheduling system comprising the following steps: an Internet of Things sensing unit used for obtaining an equipment individual state; the macroscopic scene visual perception subsystem is used for identifying a macroscopic scene event; the state data management module is used for calculating a dynamic influence factor which can be attenuated along with time and can be adjusted for the state and the event; the decision potential field construction module is used for generating a space decision potential field model containing attraction potential and repulsion potential according to the dynamic influence factors; and the scheduling instruction generation module is used for planning a path based on the potential field model and generating an instruction. According to the method, the unified decision potential field adjusted by the dynamic influence factors is constructed, the scheduling problem is converted into the path planning problem, and unified and efficient scheduling of conventional processes and emergencies is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering construction automation, and discloses a hinge sinking mattress construction real-time monitoring control system based on multi-sensor fusion, which inverts a near-field hydrodynamic environment acting on a hinge sinking mattress through a hydrodynamic field inversion module by using strain measurement data and a parameterized forward dynamical model, and performs real-time monitoring and control on the hinge sinking mattress. The state fusion estimation module fuses sparse absolute position measurement data and high-density form measurement data in an extended Kalman filtering framework, introduces form manifold projection correction, and accurately estimates the position, attitude and form of the sinking mattress. And the predictive control decision module takes the estimated system state and the inverted near-field hydrodynamic environment as input, and solves an optimization problem to generate an optimal control sequence under multiple constraints of considering structural safety and physical limitation of an execution mechanism. According to the method, active suppression of hydrodynamic disturbance is achieved, the robustness and precision of state estimation are improved, and the automation level and efficiency of hinge sinking construction are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a data warehouse intelligent construction and management method and system, and belongs to the technical field of data warehouse construction and management, and the data warehouse intelligent construction and management method comprises the steps: obtaining an enterprise data source, and extracting the feature parameters of the data source; constructing a data warehouse logic model; self-adaptive ETL configuration parameters are defined; constructing a three-layer physical architecture comprising a data access layer, a data storage layer and a data service layer; intelligent cache strategy configuration is executed based on a deep learning algorithm, a three-level cache architecture is established, and a pre-cache rule and a failure strategy are defined; and running management optimization is implemented through a multi-objective optimization function. According to the method, the construction automation level is remarkably improved, the cache hit rate is increased, the average query response time is shortened, the data consistency and the system performance are effectively balanced, the elastic adaptive capacity of the system is enhanced, the operation and maintenance complexity and cost are reduced, and meanwhile efficient sharing of cache resources is achieved on the premise that data security isolation is guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of power construction automation, and discloses a power robot control method and system based on a visual voice action model.According to the method, a VLA visual voice action model is improved for a power construction scene, a full-connection layer of a feedforward neural network in an attention layer is enhanced through nonlinear transformation of the VLA visual voice action model; the method comprises the following steps of: replacing a combination of a deep separable convolutional layer and a full-connection layer with a combination of the deep separable convolutional layer and the full-connection layer, capturing'local space continuity 'implied in a Token sequence by using the deep separable convolutional layer, so that the feed-forward neural network obtains a local space convolution mechanism similar to a CNN local receptive field, and modeling global association by using the full-connection layer, so as to obtain the local space continuity of the local receptive field. According to the method, the spatial perception capability of the CNN and the global modeling capability of the Transform are effectively combined, the spatial understanding capability of the VLA visual voice action model is improved, and the VLA visual voice action model can more accurately control a power robot to complete a complex task in a complex power construction scene.

The present invention provides an automated protective device and method for asphalt core wall rolling construction, comprising a plurality of scaffolds arranged in sequence, each scaffold being provided with a walking device at the bottom for walking along the transition material on both sides of the asphalt core wall; a horizontally arranged covering film shaft is provided on the scaffold located at one end, the covering film shaft being connected to a driving device for realizing automatic winding, the covering film being wound on the covering film shaft, and the covering film actively covering the surface of the asphalt core wall; a scaffold located in the middle being provided with a bottom film pressing roller for pressing the covering film onto the surface of the asphalt core wall; during the construction process, the scaffold moves with the roller and the device. By providing a structure of multiple scaffolds, covering films, and windproof films, the surface of the asphalt concrete can be automatically covered after paving, thereby avoiding excessive temperature loss on the surface of the asphalt concrete. It can also reduce the impact of sand and dust on asphalt concrete paving, significantly reduce the steps of subsequent manual processing, improve safety, and reduce labor intensity.

The invention provides a communication driver and interface construction automation solution providing method, device and system for machinery equipment. The system may comprise a memory for storing instructions and a processor. Instructions, when executed by a processor, provide a universal driver, the system can communicate with PLCs of a plurality of manufacturers, receive address mapping data in the form of Excel files and automatically analyze the data through a memory analyzer, generate PLC I / O mapping according to the analyzed data, automatically generate corresponding source codes, compile generated source codes, and send the generated source codes to the processor. And automatically linking the compiled program with the PLC I / O, and automatically generating and storing a log generated in the system operation process. The system automatically analyzes stored log files to assess system performance and errors, visualizes equipment states and test consistency line by line according to analysis results, and controls and provides the results to a user terminal.

The invention relates to a transformer substation civil construction area multi-source fusion navigation positioning method and system, a medium and a processor. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a construction area static digital map containing an electronic fence; collecting multi-source positioning data and environment data; obstacles are identified based on the environmental data, and a real-time dynamic map is constructed in combination with the static map; the real-time pose of the robot is obtained through multi-source positioning data fusion and high-precision calculation; planning a robot operation path according to the construction task instruction and the real-time dynamic map; and generating a motion control instruction in combination with the real-time pose and the planned path. According to the invention, by fusing multi-source data such as GNSS, laser radar, IMU and the like, continuous and high-precision navigation positioning in a complex dynamic environment of the transformer substation is realized, dynamic obstacle avoidance, electronic fence verification and multi-device cooperative scheduling are supported, and the construction automation and safety level are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of software testing, provides a code coverage rate statistical method, device and equipment, is applied to a test server, and is used for efficiently and reliably carrying out code coverage rate statistics and ensuring software quality. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a trigger instruction for a test service assembly line, and constructing and deploying a tested service code through the test service assembly line; when the tested service code is started, a probe used for recording the code execution condition is loaded; receiving a test request triggered for the tested service code, and obtaining the execution condition of the tested service code in real time through a probe; and receiving an execution instruction for code coverage rate statistics, and executing by testing a coverage rate statistics assembly line, calling a pre-configured construction automation tool and combining a corresponding script configuration file: connecting a probe to obtain an execution condition, and performing code coverage rate data statistics based on the execution condition to generate a corresponding coverage rate statistics file.

The utility model discloses a self-traction type overhead bare conductor coating robot which comprises a machine body, a wire hanging unit, a walking unit and a coating unit. The wire hanging unit comprises a wire hanging frame, the walking unit comprises moving frames located at the upper end of the machine body and arranged relative to the two ends of the wire hanging frame, and the coating unit comprises a coating frame arranged at the upper end of one moving frame. According to the utility model, the coating robot hangs the wire hanging frame on the cable in a manner of manually hanging the traction rope, and then the lifting rope drives the equipment to ascend, so that the wire hanging operation of the equipment is automatically completed, and the equipment stably moves along the cable through the walking unit; in the moving process of the machine body, the material barrel is used for continuously conveying the insulating material to the coating head so that the insulating material can be evenly coated on the surface of the cable, compared with manual construction, the construction automation degree is high, the operation risk is reduced, and the construction efficiency and quality are remarkably improved; the whole on-line and off-line operation process of the device is simple, and the device is particularly convenient for field operation in field and remote areas.

This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, and specifically relates to a non-electrified pneumatic dewatering device for building foundations. It includes an air storage tank, a controller connected to the side wall of the tank, a support frame connected to the side wall of the tank, and an air compressor connected to the upper side wall of the support frame. This fully automated pneumatic dewatering technology can complete foundation pit dewatering tasks with high quality and quantity, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. It not only powerfully promotes the improvement of project technological efficiency and green construction standards, but also demonstrates high promotional value in improving energy efficiency and upgrading the automation level of engineering construction. It can be widely applied under different geological and hydrological conditions and continuously optimized and improved to fully release the core functional value of fully automated pneumatic dewatering technology in the field of engineering dewatering.

The invention relates to the field of shield construction automation control, and discloses a shield small-angle wall grinding posture dynamic control model and a real-time adjustment method, and the control model comprises a posture modeling module, a trajectory target construction module, a trajectory constraint configuration module, a control trajectory generation module, and an instruction output module. The attitude modeling module comprises an attitude angle analysis unit used for collecting spatial pose information of the shield tunneling machine under a construction coordinate system and converting the information into representation forms of a pitch angle and a yaw angle; the attitude angle function generation unit is used for establishing a continuous expression model of a two-dimensional attitude angle vector based on the time sequence; the track target construction module comprises a track target construction module; and the kinetic energy item definition unit is used for calculating the angular velocity according to the derivative of the two-dimensional attitude angle vector to time. According to the invention, by constructing the attitude trajectory optimization model and the instruction output mapping mechanism, a high-precision, low-delay and feedback shield attitude dynamic adjustment control effect is realized.

The invention provides an H-shaped steel structure modeling automation and production drawing construction method, device and system based on a building blueprint. According to one embodiment, in an architectural design construction method based on architectural design, a first image, i.e., a design of a first building, is received from a user terminal by an apparatus; on the basis of the first image, H-shaped steel to be used for the first building is selected; based on the first image and the selection result of the H-shaped steel, constructing a frame of the first building, and creating a second image which is a three-dimensional image taking the shape of the first building as a model; the invention further provides an automatic H-shaped steel structure modeling and manufacturing drawing construction method based on building design. The automatic H-shaped steel structure modeling and manufacturing drawing construction method comprises the step of registering a second image as a first building production drawing.

The application discloses a multi-machine cooperative unmanned rolling method and system based on joint compaction quality evaluation, relates to the field of civil engineering construction automation, and comprises the following steps: acquiring sensor acquisition point cloud data of an unmanned rolling machine, including IMU data and positioning data; a joint compaction model receives the acquisition point cloud data and outputs parameter control of a group of unmanned rolling machines on a planned path; the joint compaction model comprises the following steps: establishing a joint compaction quality evaluation model, adjusting a multi-machine cooperative control strategy based on the evaluation, and then realizing dynamic adjustment in a predictive control framework; the application quantifies the compaction state of an overlapping area, proposes a three-machine cooperative phase matrix control algorithm, optimizes the vibration energy superposition effect, and realizes dynamic closed-loop regulation and control of rolling parameters.

The application belongs to the technical field of building construction automation, and specifically discloses a collapse-resistant operation sequence planning method and device for a steel bar binding robot. The method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of candidate binding nodes based on the current binding state and support point distribution information of a steel mesh load area currently bearing the load of the robot; performing mechanical response analysis on the steel mesh load area by using the support point distribution information to determine the optimal mechanical response data of the steel mesh load area after each candidate binding node is bound under different working conditions; determining the grid stability score corresponding to each candidate binding node based on the optimal mechanical response data, and selecting the candidate binding node with the maximum grid stability score as the next binding node; and controlling the robot to move to the next binding node for binding operation according to the planned path when the grid stability score is maximum. Through the application, a full-automatic operation mode can be realized without manual pre-binding to ensure construction stability.

This invention relates to the field of intelligent construction technology for underground engineering, and provides an adaptive adjustment method for EPB construction parameters for settlement pre-control. The method includes: developing a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network prediction model (MHSA-Bi-LSTM model) with enhanced multi-head self-attention mechanism to capture the temporal and spatial correlations of shield-induced settlement; constructing a multi-classification control strategy for shield parameters for settlement pre-control; constructing an optimization mechanism for shield operation parameters based on optimization and composite inversion; and achieving parameter recommendation and real-time control through the developed shield parameter optimization system. This invention solves the problems of lag in parameter adjustment and insufficient settlement control accuracy in traditional shield construction, as well as the "one-size-fits-all" problem in traditional optimization methods, through parameter interaction decoupling and intelligent control, providing a scientific basis for the automation of shield construction.

The application discloses a kind of concrete automatic casting system and its construction method, the pouring system includes formwork, track, walking mechanical device and controller.The track is set on the top of the formwork, the walking mechanical device includes walking mechanism and mechanical arm;The telescopic cantilever rod is set on the walking mechanical device;The range finder is set in the telescopic cantilever rod end, for measuring the concrete pouring height in formwork;The position of the controller in pre-set concrete pouring section, concrete pouring parameter.This pouring system can measure the concrete pouring height in formwork by range finder, and compare with the pre-set concrete each layer pouring height, final pouring height in controller, determine whether concrete moves to next pouring section, to control walking mechanism walking, realize concrete automatic pouring, improve the degree of automation of construction, and make concrete slurry evenly distributed, effectively guarantee concrete construction quality.

The present application provides a kind of cable drive steel bar binding robot plum binding method, system and equipment, it is related to building construction automation and intelligent equipment technical field, the present application is by obtaining the three-dimensional space coordinate data of steel bar intersection point and design interval parameter, constructs unbound intersection point set and calculates minimum adjacent distance parameter;Through plum spacing adaptation index, point position screening determination is carried out;In the condition of meeting the adaptation condition, standard binding action is executed, and based on stable torque peak and local deformation variable, node fastening quality index is calculated, node fastening ability determination and enhanced rebinding adjustment are realized;At the same time, through plum structure balance index, the overall distribution balance of region is evaluated, and when not meeting the condition, space rearrangement and path reconstruction are carried out.The method forms the closed-loop control mechanism of space adaptation, node quality and regional balance, improves the automation level of plum binding operation and the stability of construction quality.

1. Name of the product in this design: Plastering Robot. 2. Purpose of this design: It is used for plastering, leveling, and finishing of interior walls in buildings, and is a type of automated construction equipment. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: 3D view 1.

An end-to-end well construction system includes an e-program for receiving a first input selected from well planning data, rig historical performance data, rig parameters, drilling engineering input, management of change, and a combination thereof, and configured to produce a first output selected from a machine and / or human readable sequence, a time depth curve, a drilling program, and a combination thereof, and a second output including analytics data. Further, the end-to-end well construction system includes a drilling control layer, configured to receive the first output from e-program, and to produce a third output including an automated sequence, and a smart well analytics system configured to receive the analytics data from the e-program and a second input selected from drilling data, downhole data, base data from the e-program, a modeling software, and a combination thereof, and to produce a fourth output to the drilling control layer for automated adjustment.

This invention discloses an intelligent control system for climbing scaffold formwork, comprising a climbing scaffold platform, a climbing scaffold power system, a bidirectional drive integrated component, a first rangefinder, a second rangefinder, an intelligent identification and clamping component, a formwork system, traction lines, formwork support cylinders, and a PLC controller. The climbing scaffold platform is positioned on the side of a shear wall. The intelligent identification and clamping component can clamp or release the formwork system and can identify the formwork system. The intelligent identification and clamping component includes an assembly frame, a clamping mechanism, and an industrial camera. The clamping mechanism, the industrial camera, and the first rangefinder are respectively mounted on the assembly frame, with the first rangefinder and the industrial camera respectively positioned on both sides of the assembly frame. The second rangefinder is positioned at the bottom of the vertical drive component. The industrial camera can identify the position of the formwork system, and the vertical drive component can drive the intelligent identification and clamping component to move vertically, thereby effectively improving the automation level and safety of climbing scaffold formwork construction.

The application relates to the technical field of electric power construction automation, and discloses an electric power robot control method and system based on a visual voice action model, the method of which improves the VLA visual voice action model by aiming at an electric power construction scene, strengthens the full connection layer of a feedforward neural network in a nonlinear transformation attention layer of the VLA visual voice action model, and replaces the full connection layer with a combination of a deep separable convolution layer and a full connection layer, so that the deep separable convolution layer can capture the local spatial continuity hidden in a Token sequence, the feedforward neural network can obtain a local spatial convolution mechanism similar to the local receptive field of a CNN, and the full connection layer can model global correlation, the spatial perception ability of the CNN and the global modeling ability of a Transformer are effectively combined, the spatial understanding ability of the VLA visual voice action model is improved, and the VLA visual voice action model is beneficial to more accurately controlling an electric power robot to complete a complex task in a complex electric power construction scene.

The application relates to the field of automatic control of shield construction, and discloses a dynamic control model and a real-time adjustment method for a small-angle wall grinding posture of a shield, wherein the control model comprises: a posture modeling module, a trajectory target construction module, a trajectory constraint configuration module, a control trajectory generation module and an instruction output module; the posture modeling module comprises: a posture angle analysis unit, which is used for collecting space posture information of a shield machine in a construction coordinate system and converting the information into a representation form of a pitch angle and a yaw angle; and a posture angle function generation unit, which is used for establishing a continuous expression model of a two-dimensional posture angle vector based on a time sequence; the trajectory target construction module comprises: a kinetic energy item definition unit, which is used for calculating an angular velocity according to a derivative of a two-dimensional posture angle vector with respect to time. Through the construction of a posture trajectory optimization model and an instruction output mapping mechanism, the application realizes a high-precision, low-delay and feedback shield posture dynamic adjustment control effect.

The application discloses a concrete vibration compactness detection and self-adaptive frequency modulation system and method, and relates to the technical field of building engineering construction automation. The system comprises a vibration excitation device, a variable frequency driving device and a control unit. The control unit collects the active current component and output voltage of the variable frequency driving device, carries out compensation and normalization processing on the active current component, self-adaptively calibrates a reference threshold value, carries out smooth filtering on the compensated active current component and extracts the time domain first-order derivative feature, identifies the concrete evolution stage based on the sign and amplitude of the first-order derivative feature, and judges that the compact state is reached when the preset condition is met within continuous multiple sampling periods, then controls the variable frequency driving device to smoothly reduce the vibration frequency to the pressure maintaining frequency and maintain the preset time length before stopping the vibration. The system can realize self-adaptive calibration of the threshold value, automatic confirmation of the concrete state and phased regulation and control on the vibration excitation device, solves the problems of reference drift and over-vibration segregation, and improves the engineering quality.

The invention provides brick paving robot equipment for a pedestrian path. The brick paving robot equipment comprises a movable chassis, a paving executing mechanism, a feeding assembly, a detecting and positioning module, a control and communication module and an energy assembly. Wherein the movable chassis is used for moving a involved pen on the ground; the paving execution mechanism is used for realizing automatic grabbing, accurate alignment, flat paving and intelligent compaction of bricks; the feeding assembly is used for automatically providing raw materials for the paving executing mechanism. The detection positioning module is used for realizing centimeter-level path positioning and construction environment identification; the control and communication module is used for path planning control, task scheduling, abnormity identification and data transmission; the energy assembly is used for providing energy for work of the equipment. According to the brick paving robot equipment for the pedestrian path and the construction method, the construction automation degree is remarkably improved, and the manual labor intensity is relieved; the invention further provides a specific construction method of the equipment.

The invention relates to the field of building engineering and construction automation, in particular to an integrated intelligent automatic plastering machine which comprises a mortar mixer, a data control center and a main conveying structure arranged on the outer surface of the left side of the mortar mixer. The outer wall of the first stirring wheel is fixedly connected with a first gear, the outer wall of the first gear is meshed with a third gear and a second gear, and the outer surface of the lower end of the third gear is fixedly connected with a third stirring wheel; the mobile device, the plastering mechanism, the conveying device, the mortar mixer and the data control center are integrated, and the innovation is mainly reflected in that the leveling base is adopted to be matched with the gradienter and the hydraulic telescopic device, and rapid and accurate leveling is achieved; the plastering mechanism is provided with a self-elevating frame and an infrared measuring device, can automatically adapt to walls with different heights and curved surfaces, and treats complex shapes through a universal telescopic rod and an adjustable plastering plate.