The invention provides a fire simulation experiment system for a rail tunnel rescue station. The system comprises a simulation tunnel, a simulation rescue station platform, a simulation railway train, a smoke exhaust system, a fire monitoring system, a fire suppression system and a fire parameter measurement system. By the experiment system, the research of a series of basic theory problems and engineering practice problems of fire development, smoke flow, fire monitoring and suppression and the like generated when the fire of the tunnel rescue station is positioned on the top of a carriage, inside the carriage and at the bottom of the carriage can be comprehensively carried out. By the system, a whole set of solution is provided for the research on the effectiveness of a fire monitoring and suppression technology and a smoke control technology under the condition of different longitudinal wind speeds and the evolution law of characteristic parameters such as a temperature field, a poisonous and harmful gas concentration field, thermal radiation and the like in the scene that a train in an extra-long railway tunnel is stopped at the rescue station in the fire process.