The invention relates to a method and a
system for realizing photovoltaic array fault diagnosis based on an integrated learning model CatBoost, which can solve the problem of low fault diagnosis accuracy of a photovoltaic array in a complex
terrain and a changeable environment. An existing diagnosis method is limited by environmental factors and insufficient data, key information in a current-
voltage characteristic curve (I-
V curve) cannot be fully mined, and therefore fault type recognition is limited. In order to solve the problems, an I-
V curve correction algorithm is firstly provided and used for correcting the influence of environment variables (such as temperature and
irradiance) on fault feature representation, and feature information with higher identification capacity is extracted. Then, a CatBoost model is adopted to realize high-precision real-time fault diagnosis under a photovoltaic array
small sample condition, and a
sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is utilized to optimize key hyper-parameters of the model so as to improve the diagnosis performance and generalization ability of the model. Furthermore, in order to enhance the optimization capacity of the
sparrow search algorithm, an improved
sparrow search algorithm (EKSSA) fusing an elite reverse learning strategy and a Cauchy
Gaussian mutation strategy is introduced, and the performance of the CatBoost model is optimized, so that the CatBoost model is more excellent in fault detection and classification. Through the method, real-time monitoring, intelligent fault diagnosis and
predictive maintenance of the photovoltaic array under complex working conditions can be realized, the reliability and the operation efficiency of the
system are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for practical application scenes of distributed energy systems such as photovoltaic power stations and the like.