The invention discloses an explosion-proof preheating plug. A heat insulation shell is fixed on the side wall of a combustion chamber of an engine, and a fixed shell extending out of the combustion chamber and a heat conduction shell extending into the combustion chamber are fixedly arranged on the heat insulation shell; an electric heating wire is arranged in the heat conduction shell, the electric heating wire provides power by two preheating cables to form a loop, the power supply loop is composed of two independent wires, there is no need to form the loop with the help of a shell, and electric leakage is avoided; and at least one preheating cable is provided with a fuse capable of breaking at high temperature, and the fixed shell and the heat insulation shell are filled with insulationpouring sealant. When a system is overloaded, the fuse is disconnected, the circuit is disconnected, the preheating work is stopped, the temperature is prevented from exceeding the safety value, andthe system safety is guaranteed. The invention further provides an explosion-proof preheating control system, wherein the electric heating wire and the fuse are arranged in series on the preheating cables, the plurality of preheating cables are connected in parallel to a total circuit, and when the circuit is overloaded, the fuse is broken, so that the above technical effect can be realized.