The invention provides a suspension rail type rock drilling machine which can be used for solving the defects of poor flexibility of a drilling arm, movement restriction due to a tunnel bottom plate condition, low degree of automation, low working efficiency and the like in the prior art. The suspension rail type rock drilling machine comprises a machine body, a rock drilling device, a travelling mechanism and a hydraulic pump station and is technically characterized in that a rectangular-axis slewing mechanism and a rock drilling device control arm which is provided with a vertical-regulation hydraulic cylinder, a lifting hydraulic cylinder and a transverse-regulation hydraulic cylinder are adopted for connecting the rock drilling device; a driven travelling wheel and a driving wheel on the upper part of the machine body are adopted for moving along a travelling rail at the top of a tunnel; the hydraulic pump station which is suspended on the travelling rail by use of the driven travelling wheel is connected to the rear part of the machine body. The suspension rail type rock drilling machine is reasonable in design, compact in structure, small in tunnel occupied space, simple and convenient to operate, and stable, safe and reliable in movement, can perform permanent support operations such as anchor rod drilling and anchor rope drilling according to different geological conditions and the cross-section shape of the tunnel and can perform blasting hole drilling operation on a blasting working face, so that the production efficiency and support quality of a driving working face are remarkably improved.