Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to at least methods and compositions for diagnosis and / or treatment of diseases associated with aberrant levels of m5C
RNA, including but not limited
chromatin associate
RNA (caRNA). The
disease may comprise
cancer and / or pre-cancerous cells. The
disease may be associated with mutations in a TET2 pathway, including but not limited to mutations in TET2, IDH1, IDH2, and / or ASXL1 encoding genes. Treatment of a
disease may comprises administration of one or more inhibitors of MBD6, TET2, and / or NSUN2. Also provided herein are methods of treatment of a disease in an individual comprising administering one or more inhibitors of MBD6, TET2, and / or NSUN2 to the individual determined to have aberrant m5C
RNA modifications.