260 results about "Naphthoquinone" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of photoresist, in particular to a modification method suitable for photoresist. The photoresist is a positive photoresist and comprises phenolic polymer resin, a diazo naphthoquinone type photoinitiator, a solvent and an additive. According to the invention, a multi-carbon-based enol compound is used as a precursor to prepare a diazo naphthoquinone sulfonate type photosensitive compound, an aldehyde group carried in the diazo naphthoquinone sulfonate type photosensitive compound and an amine additive are used for grafting a photoinitiator-phenolic resin coupling product through a Schiff base reaction, and the dissolution inhibition effect of the photoinitiator-phenolic resin coupling product is adjusted; therefore, key characteristics such as resolution, etching resistance, edge roughness after exposure and development and the like of the photoresist are enhanced.

The invention relates to a multi-carbonyl enol compound which has a structure as shown in a general formula I. The compound has a plurality of carbonyl enol structures. The invention further provides a synthesis method of the compound, the multi-carbon-based enol compound is prepared through an acylation reaction, a Willgerodt-Kindler reaction, a Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reaction and a hydrolysis reaction, the intermediate reaction step does not involve a noble metal catalyst, and the synthesis route is economical and efficient. The invention also provides a diazo naphthoquinone photoinitiator prepared by esterification and condensation of the compound as a monomer and diazo naphthoquinone sulfonyl chloride, and an application of the photoinitiator in I-line photoresist configuration. The compound disclosed by the invention is highly symmetrical in structure, has a unique enol interconversion and multi-carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group coexisting structure, and has an extremely wide application prospect.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of low-cost 1, 4-naphthalene diphenol and a polyaryletherketone homopolymer of the low-cost 1, 4-naphthalene diphenol. The method comprises the following steps: mixing 1, 4-naphthoquinone, a polar solvent and a catalyst to form a mixture; feeding the mixture into a micro-channel tubular reactor, and introducing hydrogen to carry out continuous catalytic hydrogenation reduction reaction; separating the catalyst to obtain a reaction solution containing 1, 4-naphthalene diphenol; adding a non-polar solvent into the reaction liquid for crystallization; and separating to obtain a 1, 4-naphthalene diphenol product. The product obtained by adopting the preparation method and the preparation system provided by the invention is high in purity, good in color, strong in stability and suitable for industrial production, a high-quality raw material is provided for subsequent synthesis of the 1, 4-naphthalene structure polyaryletherketone homopolymer, and smooth proceeding of a polymerization reaction and stability of product quality are ensured.

The invention discloses a composite material and application thereof in electrochemical carbon dioxide capture, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry and carbon dioxide capture. The composite material provided by the invention comprises a carbon felt and a 1, 4-naphthoquinone compound, the 1, 4-naphthoquinone compound is loaded on the carbon felt; the 1, 4-naphthoquinone compound comprises at least one of 1, 4-naphthoquinone, 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone or 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone, and the compound is a compound of the 1, 4-naphthoquinone, the 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone and the 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone. In the composite material disclosed by the invention, a 1, 4-naphthoquinone structure of the 1, 4-naphthoquinone compound can realize specific capture of CO2 through a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction, a carbon felt three-dimensional porous framework provides a smooth channel for CO2 mass transfer and electron transmission, and the 1, 4-naphthoquinone structure and the carbon felt three-dimensional porous framework cooperate with each other to solve the problems of low capture capacity, poor stability and high energy consumption of a traditional carbon material; therefore, the method has a good application prospect in electrochemical carbon dioxide capture.

This invention belongs to the field of cosmetic technology, specifically relating to a composition for skin barrier repair and anti-inflammation after non-surgical cosmetic procedures and its application. The composition comprises Xinjiang comfrey peptide and Xinjiang comfrey naphthoquinone, with a mass ratio of 50-200:1. This composition synergistically inhibits the release of LPS-induced inflammatory factors, alleviating acute inflammatory reactions such as redness and burning after cosmetic procedures, achieving a dual effect of anti-inflammation and repair. The composition significantly reduces postoperative inflammatory redness and improves discomfort symptoms such as dryness and stinging. Through a multi-target mechanism, this invention solves the technical problems of existing repair products having single functions and slow onset of action, providing a highly efficient and comprehensive repair solution for skin after cosmetic procedures.

The invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary drugs, and particularly relates to a 2, 3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compound as well as application and a preparation method thereof, the general formula of the 2, 3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compound is # imgabs0 #, and X is selected from C, NH, O and S; wherein when X is selected from C, an X-R1 substituent is represented as an aryl substituent; when X is selected from NH, R1 is selected from a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted benzyl and substituted acyl; when X is selected from O, R1 is selected from a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted benzyl and substituted acyl; when X is selected from S, R1 is selected from C1-6 alkyl, substituted aryl and substituted benzyl; r2 is selected from C1-16 alkyl, substituted aryl, Ra-(CH2) n-, and Ra-CO-(CH2) n-; the series of compounds are novel in structure and good in antibody ectoparasite activity, are successfully applied to the field of veterinary drugs, and solve the long-standing problems of safety and toxicity; the synthesis process is simple, the conditions are mild, and various 2, 3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compounds can be efficiently prepared.

The invention discloses a method for purifying an electronic-grade diazonaphthoquinone photoinitiator, which comprises the following steps of: separating metal ion impurities in a photoinitiator solution in a nanofiltration membrane chamber into a purification chamber by utilizing a transmembrane pressure difference between two sides of a nanofiltration membrane, and then adsorbing through an ion exchange column to realize the purification of the diazonaphthoquinone photoinitiator. And the dosage of a purification solvent is saved, so that the discharge of waste liquid in the purification process is greatly reduced. The process is simple and efficient, the problem that the diazo naphthoquinone type photoinitiator cannot be purified through traditional recrystallization or directly through an ion exchange column and other methods is solved, and the purification effect can reach the electronic grade standard.

This invention belongs to the field of veterinary drug technology, specifically relating to a 2,3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compound, its uses, and a preparation method. The 2,3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compound has the general formula: where X is selected from C, NH, O, and S; where X is selected from C, the X-R1 substituent represents an aryl substituent; when X is selected from NH, R1 is selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted benzyl, or substituted acyl; when X is selected from O, R1 is selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, C6-6 cyclo ... 3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted benzyl, substituted acyl; when X is selected from S, R1 is selected from C1-6 alkyl, substituted aryl, substituted benzyl; R2 is selected from C1-16 alkyl, substituted aryl, Ra-(CH2)n-, Ra-CO-(CH2)n-; This series of compounds has novel structures, excellent antiparasitic activity, and has been successfully applied in the field of veterinary drugs, solving long-standing safety and toxicity problems; its synthesis process is simple, the conditions are mild, and it can efficiently prepare a variety of 2,3-disubstituted naphthoquinone compounds.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemistry, and particularly relates to a naphthoquinone compound with tobacco black shank resisting activity as well as a preparation method and application of the naphthoquinone compound. The naphthoquinone compound is prepared by the following steps: by taking honeysuckle branches as raw materials, extracting with high-concentration methanol, high-concentration acetone / water or high-concentration ethanol / water, merging extracting solutions, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract; packing the extract by using a silica gel dry method and carrying out silica gel column chromatography; carrying out gradient elution by using a chloroform-acetone solution; and further separating and purifying the 7: 3 part of the eluent by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the required naphthoquinone compound. The invention further discloses application of the compound, and activity tests show that the compound has a good inhibiting effect on tobacco black shank. The compound disclosed by the invention is novel in structure, has relatively good black shank resisting activity, can be used as a lead compound for resisting tobacco black shank, and is used for research and development of biological pesticides for preventing and treating tobacco black shank.

The invention relates to a positive photosensitive polyimide composition with high elongation at break and application of the positive photosensitive polyimide composition. The photosensitive polyimide composition comprises polyamide acid resin, diazonaphthoquinone sulfonate, a thermal crosslinking agent, a surfactant, a flexibility aid and a solvent. According to the positive photosensitive polyimide composition disclosed by the invention, on one hand, the flexibility auxiliary agent can be used for remarkably improving the elongation at break of a photosensitive polyimide film on the premise of not influencing the tensile strength of the photosensitive polyimide film and improving the mechanical properties of flexibility and bending resistance of the photosensitive polyimide film; on the other hand, the uniformity that a solvent volatilizes and escapes from the interior of a film after the photosensitive polyimide composition is glued is improved, and the flatness of the cured photosensitive polyimide is improved; in addition, a certain effect of reducing the curing temperature of the photosensitive polyimide is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for detecting the content of trace metal ions in a diazo naphthoquinone photosensitizer. The method comprises the following steps: sample pretreatment: weighing diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer powder in a clean room, putting the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer powder into a cleaned and dried wide-mouth PFA bottle, adding an organic reagent, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until a solid is completely dissolved; the method comprises the following steps: testing: adding a metal standard substance into an organic solvent to prepare three standard solutions with different concentrations; debugging an instrument, determining target metal in the standard solution in a Cool mode, a No Gas mode and a He mode by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to obtain a signal intensity value (CPS value) corresponding to each metal ion concentration in the standard solution, and establishing a standard curve; and measuring the sample in which the photosensitizer is dissolved by using the same steps to obtain the content of metal ions in the sample. According to the method, appropriate detection conditions are optimized for different elements to be detected in the diazo naphthoquinone photosensitizer, polyatomic ion interference and matrix effect in a sample are mainly reduced, the content of 16 metal ions can be accurately detected at the same time, and the test efficiency is high.

The present invention belongs to the field of organic electrosynthesis and relates to a method for electrochemically synthesizing a pyridine-fused polycyclic nitrogen heteroaromatic compound. A 2-[2-phenylethynylamine]-1,4-naphthoquinone analogue, a quaternary ammonium salt and a Lewis acid are dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution; an electrode is inserted into the mixed solution, a constant current is connected in an inert gas atmosphere system, and an electric reaction is carried out with stirring to obtain a pyridine-fused polycyclic nitrogen heteroaromatic compound. The present invention adopts an electrochemical synthesis method, which significantly improves the reaction efficiency. The synthesis method of the present invention does not require an oxidant or a metal catalyst, is simple to operate, and is green and efficient. The pyridine-fused polycyclic nitrogen heteroaromatic compound prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of high biological activity and is widely applicable to the fields of medicine and functional materials. The pyridine-fused polycyclic nitrogen heteroaromatic compound prepared by the present invention can be used as a standard.

The invention relates to the technical field of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, in particular to a white food-grade ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber tube and a preparation method thereof. The ethylene propylene diene monomer is prepared from the following raw materials: EPDM rubber, white carbon black, kaolin, paraffin oil, zinc oxide powder, calcium oxide powder, 1-2 parts of stearin, a silane coupling agent, titanium dioxide, sulfur and a comprehensive accelerant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the EDPM rubber, the zinc oxide and the stearic acid, heating and mixing, adding the white carbon black, the kaolin and the like, continuously mixing, standing, adding the sulfur and the like, and mixing to obtain a pre-mixed rubber material; carrying out open milling on the pre-mixed rubber material, turning over the rubber, and discharging sheets; cutting into strips, hanging on rods, and cooling at room temperature for later use; and extruding and molding the normal-temperature adhesive tape to obtain the product. The kaolin is additionally introduced into the raw materials, water absorption can be reduced, and the comprehensive accelerant formed by compounding the Altermix BGL-70, the HANSUN EG6M-80GE and the 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone is adopted, so that the vulcanization efficiency can be greatly improved, the time is shortened, the vulcanization temperature range is widened, and the process is more stable and controllable.

The invention discloses a compound dispersing agent, a mixed electroplating solution and application, the compound dispersing agent comprises a first anionic surfactant, a second anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and the first anionic surfactant comprises a sulfonate compound; and / or the second anionic surfactant comprises one or more of betaine or carboxylate; and / or the nonionic surfactant comprises one or more of a naphthoquinone sulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound, a melamine-formaldehyde condensation compound and methylnaphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensation compound sodium salt. In the compound dispersant, the first anionic surfactant plays a role in surface wetting and dispersing, the second anionic surfactant plays a role in main dispersing, and the nonionic surfactant plays a role in surface active wetting, so that the compound dispersant disclosed by the invention has good synergism; the graphene dispersing agent plays a role in dispersing graphene in a plating solution system, plays a certain positive role in ion migration in the plating solution, and does not cause poisoning harm to the plating solution.

The invention relates to a photosensitive compound suitable for G / I line photoresist. The main structure of the photosensitive compound is composed of a multi-carbonyl enol compound and diazonaphthoquinone sulfonyl. The invention also provides a synthesis method of the photosensitive compound, the diazo naphthoquinone sulfonate type photosensitive compound with excellent performance can be prepared by using the method, and the component proportion of the photosensitive compound can be adjusted at will. The invention also provides an application of the photosensitive compound in photoresist configuration, and the prepared photoresist has good performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of separation and purification of radix arnebiae seu lithospermi, in particular to a naphthoquinone compound in radix arnebiae seu lithospermi, a preparation method of the naphthoquinone compound and application of the naphthoquinone compound in preparation of drugs for treating cervical carcinoma, the naphthoquinone compound in radix arnebiae seu lithospermi is chemically named as (Z)-2-ethoxy-5, 8-dihydroxy-3-(4-methyl-1, 3-pentadiene-1-yl) naphthalene-1, 4-diketone, and the structural formula of the naphthoquinone compound is shown in the description. The naphthoquinone compound in the lithospermum is disclosed for the first time, in-vitro anti-tumor pharmacodynamic experiments are carried out on the naphthoquinone compound in the lithospermum, and the experiments show that the naphthoquinone compound in the lithospermum has a certain inhibition effect on human Hela cells; therefore, the naphthoquinone compound in the radix arnebiae seu lithospermi can be applied to preparation of drugs for preventing / treating cervical cancer.

The invention provides application of naphthoquinone compounds in preparation of insecticides for preventing and / or treating parasitic diseases in aquatic animals, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The naphthoquinone compound disclosed by the invention is 2-chloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone, and can be used for killing or preventing pyramidal bodies in aquatic animals. The invention also provides an insecticide for killing or preventing pyramidal worms in aquatic animals by using the naphthoquinone compound, and the insecticide comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-30% of the naphthoquinone compound, 5-10% of a surfactant, 5-10% of a dissolving agent and the balance of water. An in-vitro insecticidal experiment and an in-vivo insecticidal experiment prove that the 2-chloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone can be used for efficiently killing insects; and the 2-chloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone has no obvious toxic or side effect on the fish body, and does not influence the growth and physiological functions of the fish body.

The invention relates to the technical field of photoresist, in particular to G / I line photoresist suitable for manufacturing liquid crystal display panels and semiconductors. The photoresist is a positive photoresist and comprises phenolic polymer resin, a diazo naphthoquinone type photoinitiator, a solvent and an additive. According to the invention, the multi-carbon-based enol compound is used as a precursor to prepare the diazo naphthoquinone sulfonate type photosensitive compound, and the photosensitive compound is matched with the phenolic polymer resin, the solvent and the additive, so that the prepared photoresist has high resolution, good sensitivity, excellent thermal stability and etching resistance.

The invention provides a lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano microcrystal particle. The lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano microcrystal particle is prepared from 5 to 100 parts of lithospermum erythrorhizon naphthoquinone active ingredient extract, 1 to 100 parts of ionic cellulose gum, 1 to 100 parts of chitosan, 5 to 100 parts of polylactic acid and 5 to 100 parts of sodium alginate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano-microcrystal particles, a self-microemulsion containing the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano-microcrystals, and a preparation method and application of the self-microemulsion. According to the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano-microcrystal particles and the self-microemulsion system prepared from the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano-microcrystal particles, the stability of the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract can be improved, the problem that the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract is insoluble in water is solved, the solubility and the absorptivity of the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract are improved, and the biological activity of the lithospermum erythrorhizon extract nano-microcrystal particles is improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of medicine or cosmetics, and particularly relates to a composition for treating atopic dermatitis and application thereof. The composition is composed of polysaccharide of Arnebia euchroma and naphthoquinone of Arnebia euchroma, and the mass ratio of the polysaccharide of Arnebia euchroma to the naphthoquinone of Arnebia euchroma is 250-500:1. The polysaccharide of Arnebia euchroma and the naphthoquinone of Arnebia euchroma are compounded according to a specific ratio, and the two components have a synergistic effect, can significantly inhibit secretion of inflammatory factors, and promote expression of key proteins of a skin barrier, so that atopic dermatitis is treated from two paths of 'anti-inflammation' and 'barrier repair', and the effect is significantly better than that of a single component. The composition of the application is derived from natural plant ingredients, has high safety, can be prepared into various dosage forms, is used for auxiliary treatment or daily care of atopic dermatitis, and has a good application prospect.

The application provides a polyhydroxy phenolic compound, a preparation method thereof, a diazonium naphthoquinone sulfonate, a preparation method thereof and a photoresist composition. The polyhydroxy phenolic compound has the following structure shown in formula (I). The diazonium naphthoquinone sulfonate prepared by using the polyhydroxy phenolic compound provided by the application as an intermediate is applied to the photoresist composition as a photosensitive agent, and the obtained photoresist not only has clear resolution and high photosensitivity, but also has excellent thermal stability and etching resistance, and has a wide application prospect in the field of semiconductors.

An organic EL display device includes a cured product of a photosensitive resin composition containing: an alkali-soluble resin (A) and a naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester compound (B). The cured product exhibits an intensity ratio I(S) / I(TOTAL) of 0.0001 or more and 0.008 or less, where I(S) (unit: counts) is a negative secondary ion intensity of sulfur, and I(TOTAL) (unit: counts) is a sum total of negative secondary ion intensities of carbon, oxygen, fluorine, silicon and sulfur obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of the cured product. The cured product suppresses the generation of sulfur gas since a reduced amount of sulfur atoms is present. A cured film of the product may be used as a planarization layer or pixel division layer in an organic EL display device.

The invention relates to the technical field of photoresists, and particularly provides a photoresist and a preparation method thereof.The photoresist is prepared from phenolic resin, a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer, phenyl triphenyl phosphate and a solvent, and the stability and definition of an exposed pattern are optimized through the combination of a special polymer, a sensitizer and the solvent. In the embodiment, the sensitivity range of the formula is 55 mJ / cm < 2 > to 120 mJ / cm < 2 >, the resolution ratio reaches 0.05 mu m, and burrs are controlled to be 0.05 mu m or below. The technology can be widely applied to the fields of semiconductor chip manufacturing, microelectronic packaging, display devices and nanotechnology, meets the production requirements of high precision and high efficiency, and has good market prospects and commercial application value.

The invention discloses a naphthoquinone-based gas sensitive material, a preparation method and application of the naphthoquinone-based gas sensitive material in an ammonia gas sensor, and belongs to the technical field of gas sensors. The material is composed of divalent metal ions such as copper, nickel and cobalt and a polysubstituted naphthoquinone organic ligand, forms a one-dimensional chain structure, has a high specific surface area, an ordered electron channel and excellent molecular recognition capability, and can detect toxic gases such as ammonia gas at room temperature with high sensitivity. Macroscopic preparation of the material can be realized through solvothermal one-step reaction. Compared with the prior art, the one-dimensional coordination structure and ligand site engineering synergistically improve the carrier transport and molecular recognition capability, can realize continuous, real-time and selective detection of ammonia gas under complex working conditions, and has the advantages of high yield, large-scale preparation and excellent device application prospect.

A composition comprising a naphthoquinone-based compound as an active ingredient and uses thereof are disclosed. The composition is effective for preventing or ameliorating fatigue, cachexia, pain, cognitive decline, and hematopoietic stem cell reduction which are side effects related to anticancer drug treatment. The naphthoquinone-based compounds, dunnione and β-lapachone, reduce the secretion and production of inflammatory cytokines which are increased by the anticancer drug treatment, and prevent fatigue, cachexia, cognitive decline, and hematopoietic stem cell reduction which are side effects associated with anticancer drug treatment.

The invention discloses an application of a naphthoquinone furan piperidone derivative in preparation of a medicine for inhibiting bacteria. The naphthoquinone furan piperidone derivative disclosed by the invention has remarkable antibacterial activity on a plurality of gram-positive bacteria. The naphthoquinone furan piperidone derivative disclosed by the invention can be used for remarkably inhibiting the growth of MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) and shows relatively low drug resistance within 30 days. The naphthoquinone furan piperidone derivative can protect MRSA infected mice and improve the survival rate of the infected mice. The naphthoquinone furan piperidone derivative disclosed by the invention shows good safety and biocompatibility while keeping high antibacterial activity.

This invention belongs to the field of cosmetic raw material preparation technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing a low-odor Xinjiang Lithospermum extract, its product, and its application. The method includes: raw material pretreatment: drying and pulverizing Xinjiang Lithospermum raw material to obtain pretreated material; first-stage extraction: loading the pretreated material into a supercritical fluid extraction device, adding a composite entrainer for extraction, and collecting the first fraction in a first separator; second-stage extraction: collecting a second fraction rich in naphthoquinone components in a second separator; and post-treatment: concentrating the second fraction and removing the alcohol solvent to obtain the low-odor Xinjiang Lithospermum extract. This invention can separate and discard most of the odor-causing volatile components in the raw material under mild conditions in the first stage, and then efficiently extract the core active substances of naphthoquinone in the second stage, achieving a significant reduction in the odor of the extract and a significant improvement in its sensory quality.

The application provides a method for preparing 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, which comprises the following steps: S1: dispersing 2-naphthol, a phase transfer catalyst and a base in water to obtain a 2-naphthol alkali solution; S2: adding a hypochlorite aqueous solution to the 2-naphthol alkali solution at 5-30 DEG C, and then increasing the temperature to 50-60 DEG C to react, so that 2-naphthol is oxidized to an intermediate isomerization and rearrangement to generate 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone salt, and a 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone salt solution is obtained; S3: adjusting the pH of the 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone salt solution, so that the 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone salt is converted into 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and precipitated, and a 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone crude product is obtained. The method uses 2-naphthol as a raw material, and high-purity and high-yield 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is obtained, while the safety hazards and environmental burdens caused by the use of a large amount of peroxide oxidants and metal catalysts are avoided, the process flow is simplified, and the method is more suitable for industrialization.

Compositions and methods for inhibiting and retarding polymerization of monomeric compositions are described that use a naphthoquinone and an oxygenated aminophenol. When present in a monomer-containing composition, the combination of naphthoquinone and oxygen-containing aminophenol provides an unexpectedly beneficial anti-polymerization agent effect, thereby inhibiting the formation of unwanted fouling polymers. The anti-polymerization agent combination can be added to a hydrocarbon composition, such as petroleum, that can include a polymerizable component, such as styrene, wherein the hydrocarbon composition is purified or processed, such as under distillation.

A perovskite layer for use in a solar cell includes a mixture of a halide perovskite and a sulfonyl naphthoquinone-based compound having a structure of Formula (I). Methods for fabricating the perovskite layer and a solar cell including a first active layer of the perovskite layer are also addressed.