The invention discloses a spectrum detection strategy for a cognitive radio (CR) system, which is realized in a way that: by utilizing the differences among radio propagation channels and the theories of subset partition and linear programming, selecting the optimal strategy of the detected channel set, realizing the optimal detection on the authorized user among every CR users, reporting the detection result to a CR base station, and determining whether an authorized user signal exists by utilizing the CR base station, thereby determining whether the spectrum is idle. The invention also provides a cognitive radio system, a base station and a terminal device. By implementing the spectrum detection strategy, the base station and the terminal device for the cognitive radio system, the invention enhances the spectrum detection performance of the CR system, realizes the detection on the CR system within all bands, and enhances the overall detection performance of the system. In addition, the invention can be used in a centralized network structure, and is applicable to Standard IEEE802.22.