The invention discloses a power supply mode selection method based on nuclear power ship operation condition analysis and device. The method comprises the following steps: S10, a ship operation condition and constraints under the ship operation condition are determined; S20, according to the ship operation condition, the operation mode of a reactor is determined; S30, according to the ship operation condition and the operation mode of the reactor, the current available power supply and the capacity, the load type and the power are determined; S40, according to the defense in depth principle ofa power supply and load characteristics of a nuclear power plant, the types and the number n of power supplies are selected; and S50, the capacity and the minimum load rate are verified, if passing the verification, the power supply system operation mode selected and determined by the former steps is determined to be a final result, and if not, adjustment is carried out according to a preset strategy, and the step S30 is carried out and reselection is carried out. The device is used for executing the method. Thus, nuclear power ship operation condition analysis and power supply system operation mode selection under each ship reactor operation condition are solved, and requirements of power supply safety, reliability and stability and the like are met.