39results about "Supercritical condition processes" patented technology

The invention discloses a reaction device for producing hydrogen through coal supercritical water gasification. The reaction device comprises an inner-layer vertical tank body, an outer-layer vertical tank body, a jacket layer of the inner-layer vertical tank body, a gas collection chamber, a separator, a slag collection chamber, a coal water slurry distribution pipe and an inlet diffuser, the separator is arranged between the gas collection chamber and the slag collection chamber, an upper exhaust port of the separator is communicated with the gas collection chamber, and a lower slag discharge port of the separator is communicated with the slag collection chamber; an ash inclined pipe is arranged at the lower part of the slag collecting chamber and extends out of the outer-layer vertical tank body to form an ash outlet; the coal water slurry distribution pipe is an annular pipe, and coal water slurry distribution holes are formed in the pipe wall; the inlet diffuser is mounted at a bottom sealing head of the inner-layer vertical tank body and directly faces the outlet end of the supercritical water inlet pipe, a gas outlet extending out of the outer-layer vertical tank body is formed in a top sealing head of the inner-layer vertical tank body, and the lower end of the gas outlet is communicated with the gas collecting chamber. According to the invention, coal is gasified in a supercritical water environment to generate hydrogen, so that clean utilization of coal is realized; uniform heat supply of supercritical water to gasification reaction can be realized, and high-efficiency gasification of coal under large treatment capacity can be realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of sealing, and provides a cover body assembly and a supercritical water oxidation reactor, the cover body assembly comprises a main body, a cover body and a fastening structure, the main body comprises a mounting opening and a first lip part, the first lip part surrounds the periphery of the mounting opening, and the first lip part is provided with a first sealing surface; the cover body is arranged at one end of the main body in the axial direction and comprises a second lip part, the cover body seals the mounting opening, the second lip part is provided with a second sealing face, the first sealing face and the second sealing face are opposite in the axial direction and abut against each other in a sealing mode, and the periphery of the second lip part and the periphery of the first lip part are welded to form an annular welding part; the fastening structure connects the main body and the cover body. Under the action of axial pressing force of the fastening structure, the first sealing face abuts against the second sealing face in a sealed mode. The annular welding part is arranged on the periphery of the first lip part and the periphery of the second lip part in a surrounding mode, and the sealing performance is basically not attenuated through cooperation of multiple seals and the fastening structure.

A process and apparatus for converting poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The PFAS is oxidized to a fluoride species using an oxidation reaction zone, preferably a thermal oxidation apparatus. The reaction zone is provided having at least one reactor containing a solid reactant for neutralizing the fluoride species. The solid reactant is also configured to decompose any remaining PFAS in the effluent from the oxidation zone. A cooling zone, such as a quenching zone, may be located between the reaction zone and the oxidation zone. The PFAS may be liquid PFAS injected into the thermal oxidation apparatus.

The present invention relates to a reactor apparatus and method for decomposing an object made of a plastic composite material into its individual components by solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber, in which the object can be exposed to a solvent in a supercritical state. The present invention provides at least three pressure chambers arranged in series: a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjacent to the first load lock chamber, and a second load lock chamber adjacent to the reactor chamber, each connected to each other via a movable partition means, which can be moved in each case from an open position in which two of the adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other to a closed position in which two of the adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally, and pressure-isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and is fluidly connectable, directly or indirectly, to the first load lock chamber via at least one first line and to a first pressurizable supply line. A solvent can be supplied to the reactor chamber via the first pressurizable supply line. The second load lock chamber element has a second line, which is connectable directly or indirectly to the first load lock chamber. Means are also provided for moving an object or a carrier holding an object from one pressure chamber to an adjacent pressure chamber in a force-based manner when the partition means is moved to the open position.

The invention relates to a reactor arrangement and to a method for decomposing objects of plastic-based composite materials into their individual constituents by way of a solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber in which the objects as exposed to a solvent in the supercritical state. The invention is characterized in that at least three pressure chambers located in series, a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjoining the same, and a second load lock chamber adjoining the latter, which are each connected to each other via an actuatable partition which can be moved from an open position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other, to a closed position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally and pressure-specifically isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected via at least one first line to the first load lock chamber and can be connected to a first pressurizable feed line, via which solvent can be fed the reactor chamber.

The invention relates to a reactor system (10) for a continuous carbonation method, having a plurality of at least ten tube reactors (12), which are arranged substantially vertically, for carrying out a carbonation reaction, wherein the tube reactors (12) can be operated under a pressure of ≥ 1, and the tube reactors (12) have at least one media inlet (18), through which a reaction mixture can be introduced into the tube reactors (12) which are under a pressure of ≥ 1. The reactor system (10) has a plurality of inlets (28) for introducing gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide into the tube reactors (12), and the reactor system (12) has a separating unit for a material and / or phase separation of a reaction mixture flowing out of the tube reactor (12).

Provided is a process which allows uranium and molybdenum fluorides to be efficiently separated, said process comprising a step of providing a mixture containing MoF6 and UF6; a step of reducing the UF6 to UF5 in the gas phase or in a liquid phase; and a step of separating the UF5 and the MoF6 or a conversion product thereof which may be obtained by further converting the molybdenum fluoride to another molybdenum compound. In a further aspect, a process for the fluorination of metals or semimetals is provided.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for converting polymeric materials into hydrocarbon products.

Provided by the inventive concept are aerogel foams as solid materials including hierarchical porosity created by a foam-like structure embedded in the skeletal framework of a regular aerogel, methods of preparing the same without the presence and / or use of added chemical foaming agents, prefabricated templates, supercritical fluids and / or sacrificial chemicals, and methods of using the same.

Processes and apparatuses converting poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). An oxidation reaction zone, preferably a thermal oxidizer, is used to oxidize the PFAS into fluoride species. A reaction zone having at least one reactor containing a solid reactant for neutralizing the fluoride species is provided. The solid reactant is also configured to degrade any PFAS remaining in the effluent from the oxidation zone. A cooling zone, for example, a quench zone may be between the reaction zone and the oxidation zone. The PFAS may be liquid PFAS that is injected into the thermal oxidizer.

The application provides a supercritical reaction device with external circulation for methanol degradation of polyethylene terephthalate and a reaction method, which comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle, a circulating pump and a heater. A PET feeding port, a circulating flow outlet, a steam condensate outlet and a steam inlet are arranged on a reaction cylinder body of the high-pressure reaction kettle, and a flow guide cylinder coaxial with the cylindrical cylinder body, a spiral coil and a circulating flow jet inlet are arranged in the reaction cylinder body; the circulating flow outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump, the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected with the circulating flow inlet in the high-pressure reaction kettle, meanwhile, the inlet of the circulating pump is provided with a methanol inlet, and the outlet of the circulating pump is provided with a reaction product outlet. The supercritical reaction device with external circulation for methanol degradation of polyethylene terephthalate has the characteristics of simple reactor structure, high production efficiency and good economic benefit.

The invention relates to a supercritical anti-solvent-electrostatic spray coupling system which comprises a supercritical anti-solvent generation module, a material mixing module and an electrostatic atomization module which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipeline, and a time-space synchronization control module which is in communication connection with the supercritical anti-solvent generation module and the electrostatic atomization module. The space-time synchronous control module cooperatively controls the oscillating electric field and the pressure of the supercritical anti-solvent, so that the electric field jet breaking of the material is realized by the electric field force, and the absolute value of the difference value between the Taylor cone forming time and the supercritical anti-solvent diffusion time is controlled within a set range, so that the supercritical anti-solvent permeates into liquid drops within a millisecond-level time scale; the invention discloses a preparation method of brain-targeted nano-particles, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a solvent in a solvent to trigger a sudden drop effect of polarity of the solvent, so that solute is instantaneously crystallized, and finally a nano-suspension with a particle size of less than 200nm and uniform particle size distribution (PDilt: 0.2) is formed, is suitable for preparing brain-targeted nano-particles with high drug loading capacity and small particle size, and can effectively cross a blood-brain barrier (BBB) to realize continuous and green production.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a silica aerogel blanket, and an apparatus for manufacturing a silica aerogel blanket used in the method. The method includes: (1) drying a silica hydrogel through a supercritical drying process using a supercritical extractor; (2) separating an extract discharged from the supercritical extractor into a gaseous phase including CO2 and a liquid phase including a solvent through a separator to discharge the gaseous phase and the liquid phase; and (3) condensing the gaseous phase including CO2 discharged from the separator in a condenser, wherein the separation in the separator is performed under the condition of a pressure of 60 bar to 90 bar, and the gaseous phase including CO2 discharged from the separator is condensed in the condenser so that the gaseous phase has a temperature of 10° C. or higher and a pressure of 60 bar to 90 bar.

The present invention relates to an apparatus (8) for melting a gas (2) in a solid state, the apparatus comprising a closed loop (12) in which the same gas as the gas in the solid state (2) circulates in a liquid state (6) in the closed loop, the closed loop (12) comprising at least one inlet (14) for introducing the gas in the solid state (2) and an outlet (16) through which the gas in the liquid state (6) leaves the closed loop (12), the melting apparatus (8) comprising at least one heat exchanger (18) for exchanging heat between the gas in the liquid state (6) circulating in the closed loop (12) and another fluid.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly efficient solid-phase polypeptide synthesis system and application thereof.The environment-friendly efficient solid-phase polypeptide synthesis system comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction medium unit, the working pressure range of the supercritical carbon dioxide reaction medium unit is 7.37-10 MPa, and the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide reaction medium unit is controlled to be 30-60 DEG C; the continuous flow chemical micro-channel reactor is made of corrosion-resistant alloy steel, and the diameter of an internal flow channel of the continuous flow chemical micro-channel reactor is 50-200 [mu] m; the raw material molecular weight of the natural amino acid derivative feeding system is less than or equal to 300Da, and the natural amino acid derivative feeding system is derived from a bio-based circulating raw material; and the automatic control system module comprises an online monitoring sensor and a feedback regulation module. Supercritical carbon dioxide is adopted as a green medium, efficient and environment-friendly synthesis of the polypeptide is achieved, the yield and purity are remarkably improved, energy consumption and cost are reduced, and restrictions of the environment, efficiency and cost are broken through.

An ethylene recycle method may include: obtaining an overheads stream comprising ethylene in a first gaseous state from an ethylene purification column; heating the overheads stream in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated overheads stream comprising the ethylene in a second gaseous state; compressing the heated overheads stream to yield a compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first supercritical state; cooling the compressed ethylene stream to produce a cooled, compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first liquid state, wherein the cooling comprises passing the compressed ethylene through the first heat exchanger; reducing the pressure of the cooled, compressed ethylene stream to produce a first recycle stream comprising the ethylene in a second liquid state and optionally a third gaseous state; and introducing the first recycle stream into the ethylene purification column.

Coated metal oxide materials, methods, process, and apparatus for making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for making a coated metal oxide in a closed-loop continuous hydrothermal process includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide. The method can further include mixing an additional solution forming a coating on the metal oxide. In some embodiments, a process of making a coating metal oxide in a closed-loop system includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide, and forming a coating on the metal oxide, where the process occurs in one or more reactors.

The invention relates to a reactor 1 for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of aqueous multi-component mixtures under oxygen-free conditions. The invention further relates to a system for operating the reactor 1, a method for operating the reactor 1, and the use of the reactor 1. The reactor 1 according to the invention is compatible with many existing systems, is compact in construction, can be set up to be easy to use, and can be economically manufactured and operated. Thus, the reactor 1 according to the invention enables for the first time a diversified commercial use of the hydrothermal gasification of biomass, sewage sludge and other organic waste in supercritical water.

A decomposition method and a decomposition apparatus for resin capable of safely and efficiently decomposing a resin are provided. A decomposition apparatus for resin 10 includes: a cylinder 12; a resin supplier 11 supplying a thermoplastic resin to the cylinder 12; a screw 12a transporting the supplied thermoplastic resin and a melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin; a fluid supplier 13 supplying a heated and pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to decompose the melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin in a subcritical state or a supercritical state; an extruder 14 provided at a tip of the cylinder 12 and discharging a decomposed product of the thermoplastic resin to outside of the cylinder; a rotary drive mechanism 15 rotationally driving the screw 12a; and a backflow suppression mechanism 16 suppressing backflow of the melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin in the cylinder 12.

To provide a resin decomposition treatment method and a decomposition treatment apparatus capable of conducting a resin decomposition treatment safely and efficiently.SOLUTION: A resin decomposition treatment apparatus 10 includes: a cylinder 12; a resin supply part 11 configured to supply a thermoplastic resin to the cylinder 12; a screw 12a configured to transport the supplied thermoplastic resin and the molten and plasticized thermoplastic resin; a fluid supply part 13 configured to supply a fluid in a heated and pressured state inside the cylinder so as to apply a decomposition treatment to the molten and plasticized thermoplastic resin in a subcritical state or a supercritical state; an extrusion part 14 disposed on a top edge of the cylinder 12 and configured to eject a decomposition product of the thermoplastic resin out of the cylinder; a rotary driving mechanism 15 configured to rotary-drive the screw 12a; and a counter flow restraint mechanism 16 configured to restrain a counter flow of the thermoplastic resin molten and plasticized inside the cylinder 12.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Processes for drying gel particles, in particular for producing aerogels, involve providing a suspension containing gel particles and a solvent, introducing the suspension into a column where carbon dioxide flows in countercurrent, and removing dried aerogel particles from the column. The suspension is introduced in the top region of the column and dried aerogel particles are removed in the lower region. Pressure and temperature in the column are set such that the mixture of carbon dioxide and solvent is virtually supercritical or is supercritical. The aerogel particles can be discharged via discharge vessels or continuous decompression. Aerogel particles can be obtained by such a process and the aerogel particles can be used for medical and pharmaceutical applications, as additive or carrier material for additives for foods, as catalyst support, for cosmetic, hygiene, washing and cleaning applications, for production of sensors, for thermal insulation, or as a core material for VIPs.

A decomposition method and a decomposition apparatus for resin capable of safely and efficiently decomposing a resin are provided. A decomposition apparatus for resin 10 includes: a cylinder 12; a resin supplier 11 supplying a thermoplastic resin to the cylinder 12; a screw 12a transporting the supplied thermoplastic resin and a melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin; a fluid supplier 13 supplying a heated and pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to decompose the melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin in a subcritical state or a supercritical state; an extruder 14 provided at a tip of the cylinder 12 and discharging a decomposed product of the thermoplastic resin to outside of the cylinder; a rotary drive mechanism 15 rotationally driving the screw 12a; and a cooling mechanism 16 being capable of cooling the cylinder 12.

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350 °C in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

Coated metal oxide materials, methods, process, and apparatus for making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for making a coated metal oxide in a closed-loop continuous hydrothermal process includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide. The method can further include mixing an additional solution forming a coating on the metal oxide. In some embodiments, a process of making a coating metal oxide in a closed-loop system includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide, and forming a coating on the metal oxide, where the process occurs in one or more reactors.

The application belongs to the technical field of electrolyte material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for continuously preparing lithium hexafluorophosphate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing excess liquid PF5 and solid LiF in a beater, feeding the mixture into a continuous reactor, controlling the temperature in the reactor to be greater than 18.95 DEG C and the pressure to be greater than 3.39 MPa so that the PF5 is in a supercritical state and is stirred to react, and feeding the reaction material into a spray drying tower for solid-gas separation under reduced pressure, wherein the solid-phase product is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the gaseous component is PF5 which is recycled as a reaction raw material after being compressed and condensed. In the preparation method, the supercritical PF5 is used as a reaction raw material and a heat and mass transfer carrier at the same time, the reaction efficiency can be significantly improved, and no other solvent or gaseous component is introduced, so that the lithium hexafluorophosphate can be efficiently and continuously prepared in high quality.

To reduce processing defects such as particle adhesion and pattern collapse that may occur due to a temperature decrease during introduction of a supercritical processing fluid into a processing chamber.SOLUTION: A substrate processing apparatus includes: a first supply unit for supplying a processing fluid to a processing chamber as a gas pressurized to a first pressure lower than a critical pressure; a second supply unit for supplying the processing fluid at a second pressure higher than the critical pressure; an introduction flow path for introducing the processing fluid into an internal space of the processing chamber; a first pipe connecting the first supply unit and the introduction flow path via a first valve; a second pipe connecting the second supply unit and the introduction flow path via a second valve; and a control unit for controlling the first valve and the second valve to selectively cause the processing fluid at the first pressure and the processing fluid at the second pressure to flow into the internal space, the second supply unit including a storage unit for storing the processing fluid in a liquid state and a pressurizing unit inserted in the second pipe extending from the storage unit to the second valve for pressurizing the processing fluid to the second pressure and sending out the processing fluid.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

The invention discloses a supercritical reaction kettle-based fine powder high-pressure feeding and solid discharging integrated device and an application method. The supercritical reaction kettle-based fine powder high-pressure feeding and solid discharging integrated device comprises a feeding system, a discharging system and a monitoring system, the feeding system comprises a feeding lock hopper and a supercritical reaction kettle; the discharging system comprises a double-cavity parallel interlocking hopper, a transition kettle and a product collecting chamber; the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a differential pressure sensor and a control unit; the double-cavity parallel lock hopper comprises a lock hopper A and a lock hopper B; when the lock hopper A is communicated with the supercritical reaction kettle and disconnected from the transition kettle, the lock hopper B is communicated with the transition kettle and disconnected from the supercritical reaction kettle; the control unit controls alternate operation of the double-cavity parallel lock buckets. According to the device, non-kettle-stop feeding of fine powder is achieved through pressure equalizing of the feeding lock hopper and pulse propulsion, continuous discharging of the discharging system is achieved through alternate operation of the double-cavity parallel lock hopper, it is ensured that the whole feeding and discharging process is stably and efficiently conducted under the supercritical condition, and the overall efficiency and quality of high-pressure feeding of the fine powder and solid discharging are effectively improved.

A system for thermochemical biomass conversion is dislcosed. The system comprises two or more pump systems each configured to pressurize biomass feedstock slurry and introduce it into an HTL process stream pressurized to at least 130 bar and also to depressurize HTL product and remove it from an HTL product stream pressurized to at least 130 bar, a heat exchanger system comprising separate tubes for feedstock input and product output configured to heat biomass feedstock slurry after it is introduced under pressure into the HTL process stream by counter- current exchange with the HTL product stream, an HTL reactor in fluid communication with and downstream from the heat exchanger system, and a control system configured to control each of the two or more pump systems so that the feedstock input flow it drives is pulsatile, wherein each of the two or more pump systems is configured to drive input of biomass feedstock and to remove HTL product stream from separate sets of input and output tubes within the heat exchanger that are dedicated to that pump system. A method for biomass conversion is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a reaction device for producing hydrogen through coal supercritical water gasification. The reaction device comprises a vertical tank body, an ash residue separation and collection hopper, a coal water slurry distribution pipe and a supercritical water distribution plate, the ash separating and collecting hopper is coaxial with the vertical tank body and consists of an upper straight cylinder section, a middle conical section and a lower straight cylinder section, and an annular gap is formed between the upper straight cylinder section and the inner wall of the vertical tank body; the coal water slurry distribution pipe is an annular pipe, and coal water slurry distribution holes are formed in the pipe wall; a channel hole is formed in the center of the supercritical water distribution plate, and supercritical water distribution holes are uniformly distributed around the channel hole; the lower straight cylinder section sequentially penetrates through the surrounding center of the coal water slurry distribution pipe, the channel hole of the supercritical water distribution plate and the bottom sealing head of the tank body to extend out of the tank body, and an ash outlet is formed in the part, extending out of the tank body, of the lower straight cylinder section. According to the invention, coal is gasified in a supercritical water environment to generate hydrogen, so that clean utilization of coal is realized; uniform heat supply of supercritical water to gasification reaction can be realized, and high-efficiency gasification of coal under large treatment capacity can be realized.

The invention discloses a method and device for blasting biomass through supercritical CO2, and belongs to the technical field of biomass treatment. The invention provides a device for supercritical CO2 explosion of biomass. The device comprises a reaction kettle, a heating jacket, a stirring rod, a motor, a pump, a condenser, a CO2 storage tank, a CO2 buffer tank, a collecting tank, an efficient demisting filter, a discharging opening, a multi-groove fiber decomposition nozzle and a pressure release valve. The biomass is pretreated through the synergistic effect of moderate hydrolysis and supercritical CO2 blasting, the optimal result of the supercritical CO2 blasting treatment is achieved, the granularity of the biomass is reduced, finally, the structure of the biomass is broken, the anti-degradation barrier of the biomass is destroyed, and the biomass can be recycled. And subsequent enzyme hydrolysis is carried out to generate organic chemical substances such as sugar, alcohol or fatty acid.