108results about "Supercritical condition processes" patented technology

A decomposition method and a decomposition apparatus for resin capable of safely and efficiently decomposing a resin are provided. A decomposition apparatus for resin 10 includes: a cylinder 12; a resin supplier 11 supplying a thermoplastic resin to the cylinder 12; a screw 12a transporting the supplied thermoplastic resin and a melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin; a fluid supplier 13 supplying a heated and pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to decompose the melt-plasticized thermoplastic resin in a subcritical state or a supercritical state; an extruder 14 provided at a tip of the cylinder 12 and discharging a decomposed product of the thermoplastic resin to outside of the cylinder; a rotary drive mechanism 15 rotationally driving the screw 12a; and a cooling mechanism 16 being capable of cooling the cylinder 12.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a preparation process of waterborne polyurethane resin. According to the invention, by adopting a process of reducing the viscosity of the polyurethane resin by adopting supercritical gas and then emulsifying, the preparation of the waterborne polyurethane resin without auxiliary emulsification of an organic solvent is realized, the emulsification time is remarkably shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, and the emulsion with small particle size, high stability and no emulsifier residue is obtained; the matched synthesis device is reasonable in structural design, integrates the functions of reaction, stirring, heating, supercritical fluid generation and accurate conveying, proportional feeding, static mixing, circulating reflux and the like, can realize efficient circulation and uniform mixing of supercritical COs and a resin system, supports continuous and automatic production, is beneficial to improving the production efficiency and the product quality consistency, and is suitable for industrial production. And the method is suitable for industrial popularization and application.

The disclosure provides a flushing process for removing polymer fouling from a reactor including a gas distributor proximal to the bottom thereof and an internal condenser proximal to the top thereof, the method including, for a first flushing time period, injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the internal condenser to induce an upward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a first polymer content. After the first flushing time period is complete, for a second flushing time period, the process includes injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the gas distributor to induce a downward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a second polymer content.

The invention discloses a reaction device for producing hydrogen through coal supercritical water gasification. The reaction device comprises an inner-layer vertical tank body, an outer-layer vertical tank body, a jacket layer of the inner-layer vertical tank body, a gas collection chamber, a separator, a slag collection chamber, a coal water slurry distribution pipe and an inlet diffuser, the separator is arranged between the gas collection chamber and the slag collection chamber, an upper exhaust port of the separator is communicated with the gas collection chamber, and a lower slag discharge port of the separator is communicated with the slag collection chamber; an ash inclined pipe is arranged at the lower part of the slag collecting chamber and extends out of the outer-layer vertical tank body to form an ash outlet; the coal water slurry distribution pipe is an annular pipe, and coal water slurry distribution holes are formed in the pipe wall; the inlet diffuser is mounted at a bottom sealing head of the inner-layer vertical tank body and directly faces the outlet end of the supercritical water inlet pipe, a gas outlet extending out of the outer-layer vertical tank body is formed in a top sealing head of the inner-layer vertical tank body, and the lower end of the gas outlet is communicated with the gas collecting chamber. According to the invention, coal is gasified in a supercritical water environment to generate hydrogen, so that clean utilization of coal is realized; uniform heat supply of supercritical water to gasification reaction can be realized, and high-efficiency gasification of coal under large treatment capacity can be realized.

Coated metal oxide materials, methods of making the same, processes, and apparatuses are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method of making a coated metal oxide in a closed-loop continuous hydrothermal process includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high-energy component to promote the formation of the metal oxide. The method can further include mixing an additional solution to form a coating on the metal oxide. In some embodiments, a process of making a coated metal oxide in a closed-loop system includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high-energy component to promote the formation of the metal oxide and forming a coating on the metal oxide, and the process occurs in one or more reactors.

The invention relates to the technical field of sealing, and provides a cover body assembly and a supercritical water oxidation reactor, the cover body assembly comprises a main body, a cover body and a fastening structure, the main body comprises a mounting opening and a first lip part, the first lip part surrounds the periphery of the mounting opening, and the first lip part is provided with a first sealing surface; the cover body is arranged at one end of the main body in the axial direction and comprises a second lip part, the cover body seals the mounting opening, the second lip part is provided with a second sealing face, the first sealing face and the second sealing face are opposite in the axial direction and abut against each other in a sealing mode, and the periphery of the second lip part and the periphery of the first lip part are welded to form an annular welding part; the fastening structure connects the main body and the cover body. Under the action of axial pressing force of the fastening structure, the first sealing face abuts against the second sealing face in a sealed mode. The annular welding part is arranged on the periphery of the first lip part and the periphery of the second lip part in a surrounding mode, and the sealing performance is basically not attenuated through cooperation of multiple seals and the fastening structure.

The invention discloses an anti-cracking and anti-bulging supercritical N2 safe discharge device, and relates to the technical field of N2 discharge, the anti-cracking and anti-bulging supercritical N2 safe discharge device comprises an exhaust pipe, an exhaust groove, a buffer pipe, a silencer and an adsorption structure; the exhaust groove is formed below soil and used for storing the buffer pipe, a cement cover plate is arranged at the top of the exhaust groove, and the surface of the cement cover plate is covered with soil. One end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the buffer pipe, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected with an exhaust port of the high-pressure reaction kettle; the buffer pipe and the silencing device are used for carrying out superposed noise reduction on noise generated by N2 emission, noise pollution is greatly reduced, an activated carbon layer is arranged to adsorb and filter a cross-linking agent in N2 to avoid air pollution, and the buffer pipe is arranged to avoid pollution caused by direct contact between N2 and soil.

A process and apparatus for converting poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The PFAS is oxidized to a fluoride species using an oxidation reaction zone, preferably a thermal oxidation apparatus. The reaction zone is provided having at least one reactor containing a solid reactant for neutralizing the fluoride species. The solid reactant is also configured to decompose any remaining PFAS in the effluent from the oxidation zone. A cooling zone, such as a quenching zone, may be located between the reaction zone and the oxidation zone. The PFAS may be liquid PFAS injected into the thermal oxidation apparatus.

According to the multi-element thermal fluid generation system and method for the high-salt-content materials, an inorganic salt online removing mechanism and an inorganic salt online discharging mechanism are arranged in an inorganic salt online removing chamber, and the inorganic salt online removing mechanism is located in a cavity of the inorganic salt online removing chamber; inorganic salt on the inner wall of the chamber cavity can be continuously removed through the inorganic salt online discharging mechanism, the inorganic salt is conveyed to the outlet, the inorganic salt online discharging mechanism at the outlet can discharge the inorganic salt, the two mechanisms are matched to provide a low-pressure condition for online discharging of the inorganic salt and fluid, the discharging efficiency of the inorganic salt is improved, and the working efficiency is improved. The problem of corrosion failure caused by inorganic salt and the problem of equipment blockage possibly induced by salt crystallization precipitation are avoided, the device can treat organic matters with high salt content, the functions of on-line removal, pressure reduction, discharge and the like of the inorganic salt are effectively realized, and the continuous production requirements of actual engineering are met.

The present invention relates to a reactor apparatus and method for decomposing an object made of a plastic composite material into its individual components by solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber, in which the object can be exposed to a solvent in a supercritical state. The present invention provides at least three pressure chambers arranged in series: a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjacent to the first load lock chamber, and a second load lock chamber adjacent to the reactor chamber, each connected to each other via a movable partition means, which can be moved in each case from an open position in which two of the adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other to a closed position in which two of the adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally, and pressure-isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and is fluidly connectable, directly or indirectly, to the first load lock chamber via at least one first line and to a first pressurizable supply line. A solvent can be supplied to the reactor chamber via the first pressurizable supply line. The second load lock chamber element has a second line, which is connectable directly or indirectly to the first load lock chamber. Means are also provided for moving an object or a carrier holding an object from one pressure chamber to an adjacent pressure chamber in a force-based manner when the partition means is moved to the open position.

The present invention relates to the technical field of supercritical water oxidation reaction equipment, specifically a supercritical water oxidation slag discharge system for radioactive organic waste, which includes a supercritical water oxidizer, a slag discharge valve pipe II for discharging solid-liquid waste, and a slag discharge valve pipe I for discharging gas waste; it further includes: an interconnection pipe, horizontally and threadedly installed at one end of the slag discharge valve pipe I, and an air extraction connection port is formed on the top wall of the upper shell; a refrigeration sheet, arranged inside the interconnection pipe below the air extraction connection port, for condensing the flowing hot gas; a sponge, closely arranged inside the interconnection pipe between the scraping ring and the air extraction connection port, for adsorbing the hot gas waste flowing through the interconnection pipe to the air extraction connection port. Through the setting of the above structure, the sponge in the present invention can adsorb and dry the flowing hot steam, so that the salted water vapor is absorbed by the sponge, and the relatively dry gas waste is discharged and treated through the air extraction connection port, reducing the salted hot steam being transported to the gas treatment equipment.

The invention discloses a high-purity quartz sand purification device based on a supercritical process, and relates to the technical field of quartz sand purification. The reaction kettle comprises a lower reaction kettle body and an upper reaction kettle body, supporting bases used in cooperation are fixedly installed at the lower end of the lower reaction kettle body, the supporting bases are distributed in an array mode, the upper end of the upper reaction kettle body communicates with feeding pipelines used in cooperation, and the feeding pipelines are symmetrically distributed; by arranging and using the disconnecting mechanism, convenience is provided for insertion and separation of the limiting guide blocks and the limiting guide grooves, so that convenience is provided for rotation and reset of the four limiting pressing plates, convenience is provided for synchronous rotation of the four disconnecting screw cylinders, convenience is provided for synchronous downward pushing of the four limiting pressing plates, and the practicability is high. Therefore, convenience is provided for stable and uniform pressing of the upper reaction kettle body, convenience is provided for convenient and stable butt joint installation of the lower reaction kettle body and the upper reaction kettle body, and later disassembly is facilitated.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water can be concentrated and prepared for destruction in a pretreatment phase. Following annihilation of the PFAS in supercritical conditions to levels below 5 parts per trillion (ppt), the water effluent can be used to recover heat, returned to sub-critical conditions, and then released back into the environment.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolyte material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for continuously preparing lithium hexafluorophosphate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pulping and uniformly mixing excessive liquid PF5 and solid LiF in a pulping kettle, introducing the mixed material into a continuous reactor, controlling the temperature in the reactor to be greater than 18.95 DEG C and the pressure in the reactor to be greater than 3.39 MPa so that the PF5 is in a supercritical state, carrying out stirring reaction, decompressing the reaction material, feeding the reaction material into a spray drying tower, and carrying out solid-gas separation, the solid-phase product is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the gas-phase component is PF5 which is compressed, condensed and recycled as a reaction raw material. According to the preparation method, the supercritical PF5 serves as a reaction raw material and a heat and mass transfer carrier at the same time, the reaction efficiency can be remarkably improved, other solvents or gas phase components are not introduced, and therefore efficient and high-quality continuous preparation of lithium hexafluorophosphate is achieved.

To suggest the preferred arrangement of a filter in a flow channel of a process fluid in the technique of processing a substrate with a supercritical processing fluid.SOLUTION: A substrate processing device includes a processing chamber including an internal space that can accommodate a substrate, a supply part that can supply a process fluid as liquid, a heating part that heats the liquid process fluid supplied from the supply part at or above a supercritical temperature of the process fluid and makes the process fluid transit to a supercritical state, a flow channel formation part that forms a flow channel of the process fluid from the fluid supply part to the processing chamber through the heating part, a first filter part that is inserted in a flow channel between the supply part and the heating part and filters the liquid process fluid, and a second filter part that is inserted in a flow channel between the heating part and the processing chamber and filters the liquid process fluid in the supercritical state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

The invention relates to a reactor arrangement and to a method for decomposing objects of plastic-based composite materials into their individual constituents by way of a solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber in which the objects as exposed to a solvent in the supercritical state. The invention is characterized in that at least three pressure chambers located in series, a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjoining the same, and a second load lock chamber adjoining the latter, which are each connected to each other via an actuatable partition which can be moved from an open position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other, to a closed position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally and pressure-specifically isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected via at least one first line to the first load lock chamber and can be connected to a first pressurizable feed line, via which solvent can be fed the reactor chamber.

The invention relates to a method for the hydrothermal liquefaction of organic matter, comprising: (a) a step of preparing a suspension in aqueous solution of organic matter of biomass and / or plastic type; (b) an optional step of preheating the suspension from step (a) to a preheating temperature and a pressure of at least 220 barg; (c) a step of hydrothermal liquefaction in which the suspension leaving step (a) or (b) is introduced into a single tubular reactor at a pressure of at least 220 barg, heated by ohmic heating to a temperature of at least 350°C at a rate of at least 10°C per minute, and held at the temperature of at least 350°C and at the pressure of at least 220 barg for at least one minute to produce a predominantly liquid effluent containing oil and an aqueous phase; (d) a step of recovering the liquid phases from the effluent produced by step (c).

The application provides a supercritical water oxidation system and relates to the technical field of environmental protection.The system comprises a pretreatment cavity, a reaction cavity and a heat exchanger; the pretreatment cavity and the reaction cavity can be communicated with each other or separated; the heat exchanger is provided with a sludge fluid inlet, a sludge fluid outlet, a tail gas inlet and a tail gas outlet; the tail gas inlet is communicated with the reaction cavity; the sludge fluid outlet and the tail gas outlet are both communicated with the pretreatment cavity; and the heat exchanger is used for realizing heat exchange between the sludge fluid and the tail gas.The supercritical water oxidation system provided by the application reduces the heating amount required by the pretreatment cavity, reduces the heating cost of the pretreatment cavity, improves the energy utilization rate of the supercritical water oxidation system, and effectively saves energy.

A supercritical water oxidation reactor (100), including: a housing (101) provided with at least a slurry inlet (1011), an oxidant inlet (1012) and a discharge port (1013), wherein a chamber for providing a reaction zone is formed inside the housing (101); a heating device (102) used to increase a temperature in the chamber; a spiral circulation pipe (103) arranged in the chamber and having an end connected to the slurry inlet (1011), wherein a slurry is introduced into the spiral circulation pipe (103) from the slurry inlet (1011), flows along a pipeline of the spiral circulation pipe (103), and flows out from another end of the spiral circulation pipe (103); and wherein after flowing out from the another end of the spiral circulation pipe (103), the slurry is mixed with an oxidant flowing into the chamber from the oxidant inlet (1012) and an oxidation reaction occurs. A method of treating a radioactive organic waste by using a supercritical water oxidation reactor, a protective device for a reaction apparatus and a reaction system, and a supercritical water oxidation system and a method of treating solid combustibles by using the supercritical water oxidation system are further provided.

The invention relates to a reactor system (10) for a continuous carbonation method, having a plurality of at least ten tube reactors (12), which are arranged substantially vertically, for carrying out a carbonation reaction, wherein the tube reactors (12) can be operated under a pressure of ≥ 1, and the tube reactors (12) have at least one media inlet (18), through which a reaction mixture can be introduced into the tube reactors (12) which are under a pressure of ≥ 1. The reactor system (10) has a plurality of inlets (28) for introducing gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide into the tube reactors (12), and the reactor system (12) has a separating unit for a material and / or phase separation of a reaction mixture flowing out of the tube reactor (12).

A method for producing a reaction product using an apparatus (100, 200, 300) comprising a heated reactor (F) is proposed, wherein a reaction feed (5) is supplied to the reactor and a reactor effluent (1) is withdrawn from the reactor (F), wherein heat of the reactor effluent (1) is transferred to a heat carrier medium (2), wherein heat of the heat carrier medium (2) is transferred to a heat sink, and wherein the heat carrier medium (2) is provided in a cycle in which the heat carrier medium (2) is compressed using a cycle compressor (C1). A corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300) for performing the method is also proposed herein.

A process and system for upgrading an organic feedstock including providing an organic feedstock and water mixture, feeding the mixture into a high-rate, hydrothermal reactor, wherein the mixture is rapidly heated, subjected to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow, maintaining the heat and pressure of the mixture for a residence time of less than three minutes to cause the organic components of the mixture to undergo conversion reactions resulting in increased yields of distillate fuels, higher-quality kerosene and diesel fuels, and the formation of high octane naphtha compounds. Hydrocarbon products are cooled at a rate sufficient to inhibit additional reaction and recover of process heat, and depressurizing the hydrocarbon products, and separating the hydrocarbon products for further processing. The process and system can include devices to convert olefinic hydrocarbons into paraffinic hydrocarbons and convert olefinic byproduct gas to additional high-octane naphtha and / or heavier hydrocarbons by one of hydrogenation, alkylation, or oligomerization.

Provided is a process which allows uranium and molybdenum fluorides to be efficiently separated, said process comprising a step of providing a mixture containing MoF6 and UF6; a step of reducing the UF6 to UF5 in the gas phase or in a liquid phase; and a step of separating the UF5 and the MoF6 or a conversion product thereof which may be obtained by further converting the molybdenum fluoride to another molybdenum compound. In a further aspect, a process for the fluorination of metals or semimetals is provided.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for converting polymeric materials into hydrocarbon products.

Provided by the inventive concept are aerogel foams as solid materials including hierarchical porosity created by a foam-like structure embedded in the skeletal framework of a regular aerogel, methods of preparing the same without the presence and / or use of added chemical foaming agents, prefabricated templates, supercritical fluids and / or sacrificial chemicals, and methods of using the same.

Processes and apparatuses converting poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). An oxidation reaction zone, preferably a thermal oxidizer, is used to oxidize the PFAS into fluoride species. A reaction zone having at least one reactor containing a solid reactant for neutralizing the fluoride species is provided. The solid reactant is also configured to degrade any PFAS remaining in the effluent from the oxidation zone. A cooling zone, for example, a quench zone may be between the reaction zone and the oxidation zone. The PFAS may be liquid PFAS that is injected into the thermal oxidizer.

To destroy PFAS by oxidation in supercritical water (SCWO).SOLUTION: A method of destroying PFAS in a PFAS-containing aqueous mixture comprises the step for reacting PFAS with an aqueous oxidant under supercritical conditions to produce effluent and further comprises treating the effluent from the step for reaction with the aqueous oxidant with an alkali or alkaline earth element, thereby converting PFAS into an aqueous product mixture containing carbon dioxide and an alkali or alkaline earth fluoride.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6A

The application provides a supercritical reaction device with external circulation for methanol degradation of polyethylene terephthalate and a reaction method, which comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle, a circulating pump and a heater. A PET feeding port, a circulating flow outlet, a steam condensate outlet and a steam inlet are arranged on a reaction cylinder body of the high-pressure reaction kettle, and a flow guide cylinder coaxial with the cylindrical cylinder body, a spiral coil and a circulating flow jet inlet are arranged in the reaction cylinder body; the circulating flow outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump, the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected with the circulating flow inlet in the high-pressure reaction kettle, meanwhile, the inlet of the circulating pump is provided with a methanol inlet, and the outlet of the circulating pump is provided with a reaction product outlet. The supercritical reaction device with external circulation for methanol degradation of polyethylene terephthalate has the characteristics of simple reactor structure, high production efficiency and good economic benefit.

The invention relates to a supercritical anti-solvent-electrostatic spray coupling system which comprises a supercritical anti-solvent generation module, a material mixing module and an electrostatic atomization module which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipeline, and a time-space synchronization control module which is in communication connection with the supercritical anti-solvent generation module and the electrostatic atomization module. The space-time synchronous control module cooperatively controls the oscillating electric field and the pressure of the supercritical anti-solvent, so that the electric field jet breaking of the material is realized by the electric field force, and the absolute value of the difference value between the Taylor cone forming time and the supercritical anti-solvent diffusion time is controlled within a set range, so that the supercritical anti-solvent permeates into liquid drops within a millisecond-level time scale; the invention discloses a preparation method of brain-targeted nano-particles, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a solvent in a solvent to trigger a sudden drop effect of polarity of the solvent, so that solute is instantaneously crystallized, and finally a nano-suspension with a particle size of less than 200nm and uniform particle size distribution (PDilt: 0.2) is formed, is suitable for preparing brain-targeted nano-particles with high drug loading capacity and small particle size, and can effectively cross a blood-brain barrier (BBB) to realize continuous and green production.

A SCWO reactor fouling prevention and mitigation system that includes at least one feedstock tee which provides a feedstock to the SCWO reactor, at least one feedstock tee pressure sensor, such that each of the at least one feedstock tee has one of the at least one feedstock tee pressure sensor, at least one pressure sensor proximate a SCWO reactor inlet, and at least one pressure sensor proximate a SCWO reactor outlet. Also included is a controller which triggers a Clean In Place (CIP) procedure when there is a pressure difference between any two of the following, the SCWO reactor inlet, the at least one feedstock tee, and the SCWO reactor outlet. The CIP procedure includes washing a portion of the SCWO reactor with a fluid supplied through the at least one feedstock tee.